Physical Exchanges at the Air–Sea Interface: UK–SOLAS Field Measurements
University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
Margaret J. Yelland, Ben I. Moat, Robin W. Pascal, John Prytherch, Meric Srokosz, and Peter K. TaylorNational Oceanography Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom
Robert C. Upstill-Goddard and Matt SalterUniversity of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
Philip D. Nightingale, Steve Archer, Rachael Beale, Jo Dixon, Laura Goldson, Nick Hardman-Mountford, Malcolm Liddicoat, Gerald Moore, and John A. StephensPlymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, United Kingdom
Eric d'Asaro and Craig McNeilApplied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
Cory Beatty and Michael DeGrandpreUniversity of Montana, Missoula, Montana
Byron Blomquist and Barry HuebertUniversity of Hawaii at Manoa, Hawaii
John Cluderay and Henk ZemmelinkRoyal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Texel, The Netherlands
David Coles, Ping-Chang Hsueh, and Timothy G. LeightonUniversity of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
John DaceyWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
William M. Drennan, Mike Rebozo, and Erik SahleeRosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
Joseph GabrieleNational Water Research Institute, Environment Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
Martin K. HillMatt HornUniversity of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island
Gerrit De LeeuwFinnish Meteorological Institute and University of Helsinki, Finland
Craig Neill and Ingunn SkjelvanBjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Norway
Simon O'Doherty, Roisin Walsh, and Dickon YoungUniversity of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
Ute Schuster and Maciej TelszewskiUniversity of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
Hans SlagterUniversity of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
Brian WardDavid K. Woolf| Abstract |
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As part of the U.K. contribution to the international Surface Ocean–Lower Atmosphere Study, a series of three related projects—DOGEE, SEASAW, and HiWASE—undertook experimental studies of the processes controlling the physical exchange of gases and sea spray aerosol at the sea surface. The studies share a common goal: to reduce the high degree of uncertainty in current parameterization schemes. The wide variety of measurements made during the studies, which incorporated tracer and surfactant release experiments, included direct eddy correlation fluxes, detailed wave spectra, wind history, photographic retrievals of whitecap fraction, aerosol-size spectra and composition, surfactant concentration, and bubble populations in the ocean mixed layer. Measurements were made during three cruises in the northeast Atlantic on the RRS Discovery during 2006 and 2007; a fourth campaign has been making continuous measurements on the Norwegian weather ship Polarfront since September 2006. This paper provides an overview of the three projects and some of the highlights of the measurement campaigns.
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