Cover Meteorological Monographs
Meteorological Monographs

  • Andersen, J. A., and Z. Kuang, 2012: Moist static energy budget of MJO-like disturbances in the atmosphere of a zonally symmetric aquaplanet. J. Climate, 25, 2782–2804, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00168.1.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Barlow, M., and D. Salstein, 2006: Summertime influence of the Madden-Julian Oscillation on daily rainfall over Mexico and Central America. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L21708, doi:10.1029/2006GL027738.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Benedict, J. J., and D. A. Randall, 2007: Observed characteristics of the MJO relative to maximum rainfall. J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 2332–2354, doi:10.1175/JAS3968.1.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Biello, J. A., and A. J. Majda, 2005: A new multiscale model for the Madden–Julian oscillation. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 1694–1721, doi:10.1175/JAS3455.1.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Bousquet, O., and M. Chong, 2000: The oceanic mesoscale convective system and associated mesovortex observed 12 December 1992 during TOGA-COARE. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 126, 189–211, doi:10.1002/qj.49712656210.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Bretherton, C. S., M. E. Peters, and L. E. Back, 2004: Relationships between water vapor path and precipitable water over the tropical oceans. J. Climate, 17, 1517–1528, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<1517:RBWVPA>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Chao, W. C., and B. Chen, 2001: The role of surface friction in tropical intraseasonal oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 896–904, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<0896:TROSFI>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Charney, J. G., 1963: A note on large-scale motions in the tropics. J. Atmos. Sci., 20, 607–609, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1963)020<0607:ANOLSM>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Chen, B., and M. Yanai, 2000: Comparison of the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) during the TOGA COARE IOP with a 15-year climatology. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 2139–2149, doi:10.1029/1999JD901045.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Chen, T.-C., and M. Murakami, 1988: The 30–50 day variation of convective activity over the western Pacific Ocean with emphasis on the northwestern region. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 892–906, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1988)116<0892:TDVOCA>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Deng, L., and X. Wu, 2010: Effects of convective processes on GCM simulations of the Madden–Julian oscillation. J. Climate, 23, 352–377, doi:10.1175/2009JCLI3114.1.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Deng, L., and X. Wu, 2011: Physical mechanisms for the maintenance of GCM-simulated Madden–Julian oscillation over the Indian Ocean and Pacific. J. Climate, 24, 2469–2482, doi:10.1175/2010JCLI3759.1.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Frederiksen, J. S., and C. S. Frederiksen, 1997: Mechanisms of the formation of intraseasonal oscillations and Australian monsoon disturbances: The roles of convection, barotropic and baroclinic instability. Beitr. Phys. Atmos., 70, 39–56.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Grabowski, W. W., 2002: Large-scale organization of moist convection in idealized aquaplanet simulations. Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids, 39, 843–853, doi:10.1002/fld.332.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Gruber, A., 1974: The wavenumber-frequency spectra of satellite-measured brightness in the tropics. J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 1675–1680, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1974)031<1675:TWFSOS>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Haertel, P. T., G. N. Kiladis, A. Denno, and T. M. Rickenbach, 2008: Vertical-mode decompositions of 2-day waves and the Madden–Julian oscillation. J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 813–833, doi:10.1175/2007JAS2314.1.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Han, Y., and B. Khouider, 2010: Convectively coupled waves in a sheared environment. J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 2913–2942, doi:10.1175/2010JAS3335.1.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Hannah, W. M., and E. D. Maloney, 2011: The role of moisture–convection feedbacks in simulating the Madden–Julian oscillation. J. Climate, 24, 2754–2770, doi:10.1175/2011JCLI3803.1.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Hayashi, Y., 1973: A method of analyzing transient waves by space-time cross spectra. J. Appl. Meteor., 12, 404–408, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1973)012<0404:AMOATW>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Hendon, H. H., and M. L. Salby, 1994: The life cycle of the Madden–Julian oscillation. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 2225–2237, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1994)051<2225:TLCOTM>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Hoskins, B. J., and G.-Y. Yang, 2000: The equatorial response to higher-latitude forcing. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 1197–1213, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<1197:TERTHL>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Hoskins, B. J., I. N. James, and G. H. White, 1983: The shape, propagation and mean-flow interaction of large-scale weather systems. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 1595–1612, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1983)040<1595:TSPAMF>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Houze, R. A., S. S. Chen, D. E. Kingsmill, Y. Serra, and S. E. Yuter, 2000: Convection over the Pacific warm pool in relation to the atmospheric Kelvin–Rossby wave. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 3058–3089, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<3058:COTPWP>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Hsu, H.-H., B. J. Hoskins, and F.-F. Jin, 1990: The 1985/86 intraseasonal oscillation and the role of the extratropics. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 823–839, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1990)047<0823:TIOATR>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Hung, C.-W., and M. Yanai, 2004: Factors contributing to the onset of the Australian summer monsoon. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 130, 739–761, doi:10.1256/qj.02.191.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Hung, C.-W., and H.-H. Hsu, 2008: The first transition of the Asian summer monsoon, intraseasonal oscillation, and Taiwan mei-yu. J. Climate, 21, 1552–1568, doi:10.1175/2007JCLI1457.1.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Jiang, X., and Coauthors, 2012: Simulation of the intraseasonal oscillation over the eastern Pacific ITCZ in climate models. Climate Dyn., 39, 617–636, doi:10.1007/s00382-011-1098-x.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Johnson, R. H., P. E. Ciesielski, and T. M. Rickenbach, 2016: A further look at Q1 and Q2 from TOGA COARE. Multiscale Convection-Coupled Systems in the Tropics: A Tribute to Dr. Michio Yanai, Meteor. Monogr., No. 56, Amer. Meteor. Soc., doi:10.1175/AMSMONOGRAPHS-D-15-0002.1.

  • Kang, I.-S., and K. M. Lau, 1990: Evolution of tropical circulation anomalies associated with 30-60 day oscillation of globally averaged angular momentum during northern summer. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 68, 237–249.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Khouider, B., and A. J. Majda, 2006: A simple multicloud parameterization for convectively coupled tropical waves. Part I: Linear analysis. J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 1308–1323, doi:10.1175/JAS3677.1.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Khouider, B., Y. Han, A. J. Majda, and S. N. Stechmann, 2012: Multiscale waves in an MJO background and convective momentum transport feedback. J. Atmos. Sci., 69, 915–933, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-11-0152.1.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Kikuchi, K., and B. Wang, 2010: Spatiotemporal wavelet transform and the multiscale behavior of the Madden–Julian oscillation. J. Climate, 23, 3814–3834, doi:10.1175/2010JCLI2693.1.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Kiladis, G. N., and K. M. Weickmann, 1992: Extratropical forcing of tropical Pacific convection during northern winter. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 1924–1939, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120<1924:EFOTPC>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Kiranmayi, L., and E. D. Maloney, 2011a: Intraseasonal moist static energy budget in reanalysis data. J. Geophys. Res., 116, D21117, doi:10.1029/2011JD016031.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Kiranmayi, L., and E. D. Maloney, 2011b: Effect of SST distribution and radiative feedbacks on the simulation of intraseasonal variability in an aquaplanet GCM. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 89, 195–210, doi:10.2151/jmsj.2011-302.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Knippertz, P., 2007: Tropical–extratropical interactions related to upper-level troughs at low latitudes. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 43, 36–62, doi:10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2006.06.003.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Knutson, T. R., and K. M. Weickmann, 1987: 30–60 day atmospheric oscillations: Composite life cycles of convection and circulation anomalies. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 1407–1436, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1987)115<1407:DAOCLC>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Lau, K.-M., and T. J. Phillips, 1986: Coherent fluctuations of extratropical geopotential height and tropical convection in intraseasonal time scales. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 1164–1181, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1986)043<1164:CFOFGH>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Lau, K.-M., and L. Peng, 1987: Origin of low-frequency (intraseasonal) oscillations in the tropical atmosphere. Part I: Basic theory. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 950–972, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1987)044<0950:OOLFOI>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Lau, K.-M., and C.-H. Sui, 1997: Mechanisms of short-term sea surface temperature regulation: Observations during TOGA COARE. J. Climate, 10, 465–472, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<0465:MOSTSS>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Lau, K.-M., P.-J. Sheu, and I.-S. Kang, 1994: Multiscale low-frequency circulation modes in the global atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 1169–1193, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1994)051<1169:MLFCMI>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Lewis, S. A., M. A. LeMone, and D. P. Jorgensen, 1998: Evolution and dynamics of a late-stage squall line that occurred on 20 February 1993 during TOGA COARE. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 3189–3212, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1998)126<3189:EADOAL>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Liebmann, B., and D. L. Hartmann, 1984: An observational study of tropical–midlatitude interaction on intraseasonal time scales during winter. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 3333–3350, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1984)041<3333:AOSOTI>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Lin, H., G. Brunet, and J. Derome, 2007: Intraseasonal variability in a dry atmospheric model. J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 2422–2441, doi:10.1175/JAS3955.1.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Lin, J.-L., and B. E. Mapes, 2004: Radiation budget of the tropical intraseasonal oscillation. J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 2050–2062, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2004)061<2050:RBOTTI>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Lin, J.-L., M. Zhang, and B. Mapes, 2005: Zonal momentum budget of the Madden–Julian oscillation: The source and strength of equivalent linear damping. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 2172–2188, doi:10.1175/JAS3471.1.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Liu, F., and B. Wang, 2013: A frictional skeleton model for the Madden–Julian oscillation. J. Atmos. Sci., 70, 3147–3156, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-12-0348.1.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Madden, R. A., 1987: Relationships between changes in the length of day and the 40- to 50-day oscillation in the tropics. J. Geophys. Res., 92, 8391–8399, doi:10.1029/JD092iD07p08391.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Madden, R. A., and P. R. Julian, 1971: Detection of a 40–50 day oscillation in the zonal wind in the tropical Pacific. J. Atmos. Sci., 28, 702–708, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1971)028<0702:DOADOI>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Madden, R. A., and P. R. Julian, 1972: Description of global-scale circulation cells in the tropics with a 40–50 day period. J. Atmos. Sci., 29, 1109–1123, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1972)029<1109:DOGSCC>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Madden, R. A., and P. Speth, 1995: Estimates of atmospheric angular momentum, friction, and mountain torques during 1987–88. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 3681–3694, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1995)052<3681:EOAAMF>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Magaña, V., 1993: The 40- and 50-day oscillations in atmospheric angular momentum at various latitudes. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 10 441–10 450, doi:10.1029/93JD00343.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Magaña, V., and M. Yanai, 1991: Tropical–midlatitude interaction on the time scale of 30 to 60 days during the northern summer of 1979. J. Climate, 4, 180–201, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1991)004<0180:TMIOTT>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Magaña, V., and M. Yanai, 1995: Mixed Rossby–gravity waves triggered by lateral forcing. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 1473–1486, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1995)052<1473:MRWTBL>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Majda, A. J., and R. Klein, 2003: Systematic multiscale models for the tropics. J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 393–408, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<0393:SMMFTT>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Majda, A. J., and J. A. Biello, 2004: A multiscale model for tropical intraseasonal oscillations. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 101, 4736–4741, doi:10.1073/pnas.0401034101.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Majda, A. J., and S. N. Stechmann, 2009a: A simple dynamical model with features of convective momentum transport. J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 373–392, doi:10.1175/2008JAS2805.1.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Majda, A. J., and S. N. Stechmann, 2009b: The skeleton of tropical intraseasonal oscillations. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 106, 8417–8422, doi:10.1073/pnas.0903367106.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Majda, A. J., and S. N. Stechmann, 2011: Nonlinear dynamics and regional variations in the MJO skeleton. J. Atmos. Sci., 68, 3053–3071, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-11-053.1.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Maloney, E. D., 2009: The moist static energy budget of a composite tropical intraseasonal oscillation in a climate model. J. Climate, 22, 711–729, doi:10.1175/2008JCLI2542.1.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Maloney, E. D., and D. L. Hartmann, 2000: Modulation of eastern North Pacific hurricanes by the Madden–Julian oscillation. J. Climate, 13, 1451–1460, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<1451:MOENPH>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Maloney, E. D., and S. K. Esbensen, 2003: The amplification of east Pacific Madden–Julian oscillation convection and wind anomalies during June–November. J. Climate, 16, 3482–3497, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<3482:TAOEPM>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Maloney, E. D., and S. K. Esbensen, 2005: A modeling study of summertime east Pacific wind-induced ocean–atmosphere exchange in the intraseasonal oscillation. J. Climate, 18, 568–584, doi:10.1175/JCLI-3280.1.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Maloney, E. D., and S. K. Esbensen, 2007: Satellite and buoy observations of intraseasonal variability in the tropical northeast Pacific. Mon. Wea. Rev., 135, 3–19, doi:10.1175/MWR3271.1.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Maloney, E. D., A. H. Sobel, and W. M. Hannah, 2010: Intraseasonal variability in an aquaplanet general circulation model. J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., 2 (5), doi:10.3894/JAMES.2010.2.5.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Maruyama, T., 1967: Large-scale disturbances in the equatorial lower stratosphere. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 45, 391–408.

  • Matsuno, T., 1966: Quasi-geostrophic motions in the equatorial area. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 44, 25–43.

  • Matthews, A. J., 2008: Primary and successive events in the Madden–Julian Oscillation. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 134, 439–453, doi:10.1002/qj.224.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Matthews, A. J., and G. N. Kiladis, 1999: The tropical–extratropical interaction between high-frequency transients and the Madden–Julian oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 661–677, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1999)127<0661:TTEIBH>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Matthews, A. J., B. J. Hoskins, J. M. Slingo, and M. Blackburn, 1996: Development of convection along the SPCZ within a Madden–Julian oscillation. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 122, 669–688, doi:10.1002/qj.49712253106.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Meehl, G. A., G. N. Kiladis, K. M. Weickmann, M. Wheeler, D. S. Gutzler, and G. P. Compo, 1996: Modulation of equatorial subseasonal convective episodes by tropical-extratropical interaction in the Indian and Pacific Ocean regions. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 15 033–15 049, doi:10.1029/96JD01014.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Miyakawa, T., Y. N. Takayabu, T. Nasuno, H. Miura, M. Satoh, and M. W. Moncrieff, 2012: Convective momentum transport by rainbands within a Madden–Julian oscillation in a global nonhydrostatic model with explicit deep convective processes. Part I: Methodology and general results. J. Atmos. Sci., 69, 1317–1338, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-11-024.1.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Molinari, J., and D. Vollaro, 2000: Planetary- and synoptic-scale influences on eastern Pacific tropical cyclogenesis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 3296–3307, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2000)128<3296:PASSIO>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Moncrieff, M. W., 2004: Analytic representation of the large-scale organization of tropical convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 1521–1538, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2004)061<1521:AROTLO>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Moncrieff, M. W., and E. Klinker, 1997: Organized convective systems in the tropical western Pacific as a process in general circulation models: A TOGA COARE case study. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 123, 805–827, doi:10.1002/qj.49712354002.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Mu, M., and G. J. Zhang, 2006: Energetics of Madden-Julian oscillations in the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Atmosphere Model version 3 (NCAR CAM3). J. Geophys. Res., 111, D24112, doi:10.1029/2005JD007003.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Murakami, M., 1984: Analysis of the deep convective activity over the western Pacific and Southeast Asia. Part II: Seasonal and intraseasonal variations during northern summer. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 62, 88–108.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Nakazawa, T., 1988: Tropical super clusters within intraseasonal variations over the western Pacific. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 66, 823–839.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Neelin, J. D., and I. M. Held, 1987: Modeling tropical convergence based on the moist static energy budget. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 3–12, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1987)115<0003:MTCBOT>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Nitta, T., 1987: Convective activities in the tropical western Pacific and their impact on the Northern Hemisphere summer circulation. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 65, 373–390.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Nitta, T., T. Mizuno, and K. Takahashi, 1992: Multi-scale convective systems during the initial phase of the 1986/87 El Niño. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 70, 447–466.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Peters, M. E., and C. S. Bretherton, 2006: Structure of tropical variability from a vertical mode perspective. Theor. Comput. Fluid. Dyn., 20, 501–524, doi:10.1007/s00162-006-0034-x.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Randall, D., C. DeMott, C. Stan, M. Khairoutdinov, J. Benedict, R. McCrary, K. Thayer-Calder, and M. Branson, 2016: Simulations of the tropical general circulation with a multiscale global model. Multiscale Convection-Coupled Systems in the Tropics: A Tribute to Dr. Michio Yanai, Meteor. Monogr., No. 56, Amer. Meteor. Soc., doi:10.1175/AMSMONOGRAPHS-D-15-0016.1.

  • Ray, P., and C. Zhang, 2010: A case study of the mechanics of extratropical influence on the initiation of the Madden–Julian oscillation. J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 515–528, doi:10.1175/2009JAS3059.1.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Ray, P., and T. Li, 2013: Relative roles of circumnavigating waves and extratropics on the MJO and its relationship with the mean state. J. Atmos. Sci., 70, 876–893, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-12-0153.1.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Ray, P., C. Zhang, J. Dudhia, and S. S. Chen, 2009: A numerical case study on the initiation of the Madden–Julian oscillation. J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 310–331, doi:10.1175/2008JAS2701.1.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Raymond, D. J., 2001: A new model of the Madden–Julian oscillation. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 2807–2819, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2001)058<2807:ANMOTM>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Raymond, D. J., and Ž. Fuchs, 2009: Moisture modes and the Madden–Julian oscillation. J. Climate, 22, 3031–3046, doi:10.1175/2008JCLI2739.1.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Raymond, D. J., S. Sessions, A. Sobel, and Z. Fuchs, 2009: The mechanics of gross moist stability. J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., 1 (9), doi:10.3894/JAMES.2009.1.9.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Reed, R. J., W. J. Cambell, L. A. Rasmussen, and D. G. Rogers, 1961: Evidence of a downward-propagating annual wind reversal in the equatorial stratosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 66, 813–818, doi:10.1029/JZ066i003p00813.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Roux, F., 1998: The oceanic mesoscale convective system observed with airborne Doppler radars on 9 February 1993 during TOGA–COARE: Structure, evolution and budgets. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 124, 585–614, doi:10.1002/qj.49712454610.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Rydbeck, A. V., E. D. Maloney, S.-P. Xie, J. Hafner, and J. Shaman, 2013: Remote forcing versus local feedback of east Pacific intraseasonal variability. J. Climate, 26, 3575–3596, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00499.1.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Sobel, A. H., and C. S. Bretherton, 2000: Modeling tropical precipitation in a single column. J. Climate, 13, 4378–4392, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<4378:MTPIAS>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Sobel, A. H., and E. D. Maloney, 2012: An idealized semi-empirical framework for modeling the Madden–Julian oscillation. J. Atmos. Sci., 69, 1691–1705, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-11-0118.1.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Sobel, A. H., and E. D. Maloney, 2013: Moisture modes and the eastward propagation of the MJO. J. Atmos. Sci., 70, 187–192, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-12-0189.1.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Sobel, A. H., J. Nilsson, and L. M. Polvani, 2001: The weak temperature gradient approximation and balanced tropical moisture waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 3650–3665, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2001)058<3650:TWTGAA>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Sobel, A. H., E. D. Maloney, G. Bellon, and D. M. Frierson, 2008: The role of surface heat fluxes in tropical intraseasonal oscillations. Nat. Geosci., 1, 653–657, doi:10.1038/ngeo312.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Sobel, A. H., E. D. Maloney, G. Bellon, and D. M. Frierson, 2010: Surface fluxes and tropical intraseasonal variability: A reassessment. J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., 2 (2), doi:10.3894/JAMES.2010.2.2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Straub, K. H., and G. N. Kiladis, 2003a: Interactions between the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation and higher-frequency tropical wave activity. Mon. Wea. Rev., 131, 945–960, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2003)131<0945:IBTBSI>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Straub, K. H., and G. N. Kiladis, 2003b: Extratropical forcing of convectively coupled Kelvin waves during austral winter. J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 526–543, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<0526:EFOCCK>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Straus, D. M., and R. S. Lindzen, 2000: Planetary-scale baroclinic instability and the MJO. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 3609–3626, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<3609:PSBIAT>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Sui, C.-H., and K.-M. Lau, 1992: Multiscale phenomena in the tropical atmosphere over the western Pacific. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 407–430, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120<0407:MPITTA>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Sui, C.-H., X. Li, K.-M. Lau, and D. Adamec, 1997: Multiscale air–sea interactions during TOGA COARE. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 448–462, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1997)125<0448:MASIDT>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Takayabu, Y. N., G. N. Kiladis, and V. Magaña, 2016: Michio Yanai and tropical waves. Multiscale Convection-Coupled Systems in the Tropics: A Tribute to Dr. Michio Yanai, Meteor. Monogr., No. 56, Amer. Meteor. Soc., doi:10.1175/AMSMONOGRAPHS-D-15-0019.1.

  • Tokioka, T., K. Yamazaki, A. Kitoh, and T. Ose, 1988: The equatorial 30–60 day oscillation and the Arakawa–Schubert penetrative cumulus parameterization. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 66, 883–901.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Trenberth, K. E., 1986: An assessment of the impact of transient eddies on the zonal flow during a blocking episode using localized Eliassen–Palm flux diagnostics. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 2070–2087, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1986)043<2070:AAOTIO>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Tung, W.-W., and M. Yanai, 2002a: Convective momentum transport observed during the TOGA COARE IOP. Part I: General features. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 1857–1871, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<1857:CMTODT>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Tung, W.-W., and M. Yanai, 2002b: Convective momentum transport observed during the TOGA COARE IOP. Part II: Case studies. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 2535–2549, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<2535:CMTODT>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Tung, W.-W., C. Lin, B. Chen, M. Yanai, and A. Arakawa, 1999: Basic modes of cumulus heating and drying observed during TOGA-COARE IOP. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 3117–3120, doi:10.1029/1999GL900607.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Tung, W.-W., M. W. Moncrieff, and J.-B. Gao, 2004: A systemic analysis of multiscale deep convective variability over the tropical Pacific. J. Climate, 17, 2736–2751, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<2736:ASAOMD>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Tung, W.-W., J. B. Gao, J. Hu, and L. Yang, 2011: Detecting chaotic signals in heavy noise environments. Phys. Rev., 83E, 046210, doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.83.046210.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Wang, B., and F. Liu, 2011: A model for scale interaction in the Madden–Julian oscillation. J. Atmos. Sci., 68, 2524–2536, doi:10.1175/2011JAS3660.1.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Webster, P. J., and J. R. Holton, 1982: Cross-equatorial response to middle-latitude forcing in a zonally varying basic state. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 722–733, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1982)039<0722:CERTML>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Weickmann, K. M., and P. D. Sardeshmukh, 1994: The atmospheric angular momentum cycle associated with a Madden–Julian oscillation. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 3194–3208, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1994)051<3194:TAAMCA>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Weickmann, K. M., G. R. Lussky, and J. E. Kutzbach, 1985: Intraseasonal (30–60 day) fluctuations of outgoing longwave radiation and 250 mb streamfunction during northern winter. Mon. Wea. Rev., 113, 941–961, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1985)113<0941:IDFOOL>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Weickmann, K. M., S. J. S. Khalsa, and J. Eischeid, 1992: The atmospheric angular momentum cycle during the tropical Madden–Julian oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 2252–2263, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120<2252:TAAMCD>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Weickmann, K. M., G. N. Kiladis, and P. D. Sardeshmukh, 1997: The dynamics of intraseasonal atmospheric angular momentum oscillations. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 1445–1461, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1997)054<1445:TDOIAA>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Wheeler, M., and G. N. Kiladis, 1999: Convectively coupled equatorial waves: Analysis of clouds and temperature in the wavenumber–frequency domain. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 374–399, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056<0374:CCEWAO>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Wu, X., and M. Yanai, 1994: Effects of vertical wind shear on the cumulus transport of momentum: Observations and parameterization. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 1640–1660, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1994)051<1640:EOVWSO>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Wu, X., and M. A. LeMone, 1999: Fine structure of cloud patterns within the intraseasonal oscillation during TOGA COARE. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 2503–2513, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1999)127<2503:FSOCPW>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Wu, X., W. W. Grabowski, and M. W. Moncrieff, 1998: Long-term behavior of cloud systems in TOGA COARE and their interactions with radiative and surface processes. Part I: Two-dimensional modeling study. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 2693–2714, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1998)055<2693:LTBOCS>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Yanai, M., 1961: A detailed analysis of typhoon formation. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 39, 187–214.

  • Yanai, M., and T. Maruyama, 1966: Stratospheric wave disturbances propagating over the equatorial Pacific. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 44, 291–294.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Yanai, M., and M. Murakami, 1970: Spectrum analysis of symmetric and antisymmetric equatorial waves. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 48, 331–347.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Yanai, M., and M.-M. Lu, 1983: Equatorially trapped waves at the 200 mb level and their association with meridional convergence of wave energy flux. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 2785–2803, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1983)040<2785:ETWATM>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Yanai, M., and R. H. Johnson, 1993: Impacts of cumulus convection on thermodynamic fields. The Representation of Cumulus Convection in Numerical Models of the Atmosphere, Meteor. Monogr., No. 46, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 39–62.

  • Yanai, M., T. Maruyama, T. Nitta, and Y. Hayashi, 1968: Power spectra of large-scale disturbances over the tropical Pacific. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 46, 308–323.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Yanai, M., S. Esbensen, and J.-H. Chu, 1973: Determination of bulk properties of tropical cloud clusters from large-scale heat and moisture budgets. J. Atmos. Sci., 30, 611–627, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1973)030<0611:DOBPOT>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Yanai, M., B. Chen, and W.-W. Tung, 2000: The Madden–Julian oscillation observed during the TOGA COARE IOP: Global view. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 2374–2396, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<2374:TMJOOD>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Yano, J.-I., and M. Bonazzola, 2009: Scale analysis for large-scale tropical atmospheric dynamics. J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 159–172, doi:10.1175/2008JAS2687.1.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Yoneyama, K., C. Zhang, and C. N. Long, 2013: Tracking pulses of the Madden–Julian oscillation. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 94, 1871–1891, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00157.1.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Zangvil, A., 1975: Temporal and spatial behavior of large-scale disturbances in tropical cloudiness deduced from satellite brightness data. Mon. Wea. Rev., 103, 904–920, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1975)103<0904:TASBOL>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Zangvil, A., and M. Yanai, 1980: Upper tropospheric waves in the tropics. Part I: Dynamical analysis in the wavenumber-frequency domain. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 283–298, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1980)037<0283:UTWITT>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Zangvil, A., and M. Yanai, 1981: Upper tropospheric waves in the tropics. Part II: Association with clouds in the wavenumber-frequency domain. J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 939–953, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1981)038<0939:UTWITT>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Zhang, C., 1993: Laterally forced equatorial perturbations in a linear model. Part II: Mobile forcing. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 807–821, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1993)050<0807:LFEPIA>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Zhang, C., and P. J. Webster, 1992: Laterally forced equatorial perturbations in a linear model. Part I: Stationary transient forcing. J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 585–607, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1992)049<0585:LFEPIA>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Zhang, C., and H. H. Hendon, 1997: Propagating and standing components of the intraseasonal oscillation in tropical convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 741–752, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1997)054<0741:PASCOT>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Zhang, C., and S. Hagos, 2009: Bi-modal structure and variability of large-scale diabatic heating in the tropics. J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 3621–3640, doi:10.1175/2009JAS3089.1.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Zhang, C., J. Gottschalck, E. D. Maloney, M. W. Moncrieff, F. Vitart, D. E. Waliser, B. Wang, and M. C. Wheeler, 2013: Cracking the MJO nut. Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 1223–1230, doi:10.1002/grl.50244.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Zhou, L., R. B. Neale, M. Jochum, and R. Murtugudde, 2012: Improved Madden–Julian oscillations with improved physics: The impact of modified convection parameterizations. J. Climate, 25, 1116–1136, doi:10.1175/2011JCLI4059.1.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
All Time Past Year Past 30 Days
Abstract Views 0 0 0
Full Text Views 7 7 7
PDF Downloads 10 10 10
Article Type:
Research Article

Dr. Yanai’s Contributions to the Discovery and Science of the MJO

Eric D. Maloney1 and Chidong Zhang2
View More View Less
  • 1 Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
  • | 2 Rosenstiel School of Atmospheric and Marine Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
Print Publication:
01 Apr 2016
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1175/AMSMONOGRAPHS-D-15-0003.1
Page(s):
4.1–4.18
Restricted access

Abstract

This chapter reviews Professor Michio Yanai’s contributions to the discovery and science of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO). Professor Yanai’s work on equatorial waves played an inspirational role in the MJO discovery by Roland Madden and Paul Julian. Professor Yanai also made direct and important contributions to MJO research. These research contributions include work on the vertically integrated moist static energy budget, cumulus momentum transport, eddy available potential energy and eddy kinetic energy budgets, and tropical–extratropical interactions. Finally, Professor Yanai left a legacy through his students, who continue to push the bounds of MJO research.

Publisher’s Note: This chapter was revised on 5 December 2016 to correct a slight error in the title of this volume as presented in the references.

Corresponding author address: Eric D. Maloney, Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, 1371 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1371. E-mail: emaloney@atmos.colostate.edu

Abstract

This chapter reviews Professor Michio Yanai’s contributions to the discovery and science of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO). Professor Yanai’s work on equatorial waves played an inspirational role in the MJO discovery by Roland Madden and Paul Julian. Professor Yanai also made direct and important contributions to MJO research. These research contributions include work on the vertically integrated moist static energy budget, cumulus momentum transport, eddy available potential energy and eddy kinetic energy budgets, and tropical–extratropical interactions. Finally, Professor Yanai left a legacy through his students, who continue to push the bounds of MJO research.

Publisher’s Note: This chapter was revised on 5 December 2016 to correct a slight error in the title of this volume as presented in the references.

Corresponding author address: Eric D. Maloney, Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, 1371 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1371. E-mail: emaloney@atmos.colostate.edu
Save