- Abstract
- 1. Radiative influences driving climate change since preindustrial times: Segue to the RF1 concept
- 2. Radiative forcing—Its origin, evolution, and formulation
- 3. CO2 and other well-mixed greenhouse gases
- 4. Short-lived trace gases and chemistry–climate interactions
- 5. Tropospheric aerosols
- a. Simple models of aerosol–climate interactions: The early 1990s
- b. Refinement of aerosol direct and indirect effect modeling studies: The mid-1990s
- c. The proliferation of GCM-based estimates and the requirement for validation data: Late 1990s to early 2000s
- d. Explicit treatment of aerosols within GCMs and improved observational capability: 2000s
- e. Increases in aerosol model complexity—Second-generation models: 2010s
- f. Current promising lines of research
- 6. Land and biogeochemistry interactions
- 7. Contrails and contrail-induced cloudiness
- 8. Solar radiative forcing
- 9. Stratospheric aerosols
- 10. Total natural and anthropogenic radiative forcing
- 11. Emission metrics and radiative efficiencies
- 12. Climate response to radiative forcings
- 13. Solar and terrestrial radiation management
- 14. Overall summary and challenges
- Acronym List
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