Abstract
A research program is in progress at Brookhaven National Laboratory to determine the nature of atmospheric diffusion from a representative oceanic site, to relate observed diffusion patterns to meteorological and oceanographic variables, and to develop models to describe such diffusion. The program was initiated in response to plans for construction of offshore nuclear power plants.
Tracer experiments are conducted utilizing oil-fog smoke released from a boat stationed from 1–3 mi off-shore during onshore flows. The smoke is photographed from above and from the side to document lateral and vertical spread. The crosswind concentration distribution is measured by vehicle- and boat-mounted densitometers during successive traverses across the plume. Wind, turbulence and temperature at several levels are measured on the beach by tower-mounted instruments. Temperature profiles at greater heights are measured by kytoon- and aircraft-borne sensors. Water temperatures are also measured. Winds aloft are determined by pibal ascents and turbulence at various altitudes is sampled by an aircraft-mounted variometer.
Preliminary results show that diffusion is governed primarily by water and air temperature differences. With colder water, low-level air is very stable and diffusion minimal but water warmer than the air induces vigorous diffusion. Measurements of plume width and height have been obtained which are smaller and of normalized concentration which are larger than those predicted for the Pasquill F category. Measured values of plume width can be predicted from Eulerian measurements at the beach.
