Editorial Type:
Article
Article Type:
Research Article

Global Soundings of the Atmosphere from ATOVS Measurements: The Algorithm and Validation

Jun Li Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin

Search for other papers by Jun Li in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Walter W. Wolf Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin

Search for other papers by Walter W. Wolf in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
W. Paul Menzel Office of Research and Application, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, Madison, Wisconsin

Search for other papers by W. Paul Menzel in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Wenjian Zhang National Satellite Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China

Search for other papers by Wenjian Zhang in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Hung-Lung Huang Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin

Search for other papers by Hung-Lung Huang in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
, and
Thomas H. Achtor Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin

Search for other papers by Thomas H. Achtor in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
Print Publication:
01 Aug 2000
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(2000)039<1248:GSOTAF>2.0.CO;2
Page(s):
1248–1268
Restricted access

We are aware of a technical issue preventing figures and tables from showing in some newly published articles in the full-text HTML view.
While we are resolving the problem, please use the online PDF version of these articles to view figures and tables.

Abstract

The International Advanced Television and Infrared Observation Satellite Operational Vertical Sounder (ATOVS) Processing Package (IAPP) has been developed to retrieve the atmospheric temperature profile, moisture profile, atmospheric total ozone, and other parameters in both clear and cloudy atmospheres from the ATOVS measurements. The algorithm that retrieves these parameters contains four steps: 1) cloud detection and removal, 2) bias adjustment for ATOVS measurements, 3) regression retrieval processes, and 4) a nonlinear iterative physical retrieval. Nine (3 × 3) adjacent High-Resolution Infrared Sounder (HIRS)/3 spot observations, together with Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A observations remapped to the HIRS/3 resolution, are used to retrieve the temperature profile, moisture profile, surface skin temperature, total atmospheric ozone and microwave surface emissivity, and so on. ATOVS profile retrieval results are evaluated by root-mean-square differences with respect to radiosonde observation profiles. The accuracy of the retrieval is about 2.0 K for the temperature at 1-km vertical resolution and 3.0–6.0 K for the dewpoint temperature at 2-km vertical resolution in this study. The IAPP is now available to users worldwide for processing the real-time ATOVS data.

Corresponding author address: Dr. Jun Li, Rm. 219, CIMSS/SSEC, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1225 West Dayton Street, Madison, WI 53706.

Abstract

The International Advanced Television and Infrared Observation Satellite Operational Vertical Sounder (ATOVS) Processing Package (IAPP) has been developed to retrieve the atmospheric temperature profile, moisture profile, atmospheric total ozone, and other parameters in both clear and cloudy atmospheres from the ATOVS measurements. The algorithm that retrieves these parameters contains four steps: 1) cloud detection and removal, 2) bias adjustment for ATOVS measurements, 3) regression retrieval processes, and 4) a nonlinear iterative physical retrieval. Nine (3 × 3) adjacent High-Resolution Infrared Sounder (HIRS)/3 spot observations, together with Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A observations remapped to the HIRS/3 resolution, are used to retrieve the temperature profile, moisture profile, surface skin temperature, total atmospheric ozone and microwave surface emissivity, and so on. ATOVS profile retrieval results are evaluated by root-mean-square differences with respect to radiosonde observation profiles. The accuracy of the retrieval is about 2.0 K for the temperature at 1-km vertical resolution and 3.0–6.0 K for the dewpoint temperature at 2-km vertical resolution in this study. The IAPP is now available to users worldwide for processing the real-time ATOVS data.

Corresponding author address: Dr. Jun Li, Rm. 219, CIMSS/SSEC, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1225 West Dayton Street, Madison, WI 53706.

Save
Cover Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology
Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

  • Chahine, M. T., 1974: Remote sounding of cloudy atmospheres. I. The single cloud layer. J. Atmos. Sci.,31, 233–243.

  • Chahine, M. T., 1977: Remote sounding of cloudy atmospheres. II. Multiple cloud formations. J. Atmos. Sci.,34, 744–757.

  • Chahine, M. T., and Coauthors, 1996: AIRS-team unified retrieval for core products. Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document, JPL, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 106 pp.

  • Eyre, J. R., 1989: Inversion of cloudy satellite sounding radiances by nonlinear optimal estimation. I: Theory and simulation for TOVS. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.,115, 1001–1026.

  • Fleming, H. E., P. S. Crosby, and A. C. Neuendorffer, 1986: Correction of satellite temperature retrieval errors due to errors in atmospheric transmittances. J. Climate Appl. Meteor.,25, 869–882.

  • Goldberg, M., 1999: AMSU-A antenna temperature adjustments, limb adjustments, and retrievals. Tech. Proc. 10th Int. TOVS Study Conf., Boulder, CO, WMO and Cosponsors, 219–229.

  • Grody, N., 1999: Application of AMSU for obtaining water vapor cloud liquid water, precipitation, and surface measurements. Tech. Proc. 10th Int. TOVS Study Conf., Boulder, CO, WMO and Cosponsors, 230–240.

  • Hannon, S., L. L. Strow, and W. W. McMillan, 1996: Atmospheric infrared fast transmittance models: A comparison of two approaches. Proc. SPIE—Int. Soc. Opt. Eng.,2830, 94–105.

  • Hayden, C. M., 1988: GOES-VAS simultaneous temperature–moisture retrieval algorithm. J. Appl. Meteor.,27, 705–733.

  • Huang, H.-L., and J. Li, 1998: Determination of microwave emissivity from advanced microwave sounder unit measurements. Proc. SPIE—Int. Soc. Opt. Eng.,3503, 233–237.

  • Joiner, J., and L. Rokke, 1998: Variational cloud clearing with TOVS data. Office Note Series on Global Modeling and Data Assimilation, GSFC, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, DAO Office Note 98-03.

  • Li, J., 1994: Temperature and water vapor weighting functions from radiative transfer equation with surface emissivity and solar reflectivity. Adv. Atmos. Sci.,11, 421–426.

  • Li, J., and H. L. Huang, 1999: Retrieval of atmospheric profiles from satellite sounder measurements using the discrepancy principle. Appl. Opt.,38, 916–923.

  • Li, J.,, F. X. Zhou, and Q. C. Zeng, 1994: Simultaneous non-linear retrieval of atmospheric temperature and absorbing constituent profile from satellite infrared radiances. Adv. Atmos. Sci.,11, 128–138.

  • Li, J., J. P. Nelson, T. J. Schmit, W. P. Menzel, C. C. Schmidt, and H.-L. Huang, 1998a: Retrieval of total atmospheric ozone from GOES sounder radiance measurements with high spatial and temporal resolution. Proc. SPIE—Int. Soc. Opt. Eng.,3501, 291–230.

  • Li, J., W. Wolf, H.-L. Huang, W. P. Menzel, P. van Delst, H. M. Woolf, and T. H. Achtor, 1998b: International ATOVS processing package: Algorithm design and its preliminary performance. Proc. SPIE—Int. Soc. Opt. Eng.,3501, 196–206.

  • McMillin, L. M., and C. Dean, 1982: Evaluation of a new operational technique for producing clear radiances. J. Appl. Meteor.,21, 1005–1014.

  • McPeters, R. D., and Coauthors, 1996: Nimbus-7 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) data products user’s guide. NASA Reference Publication, Vol. 1384, 67 pp.

  • Rodgers, C. D., 1976: Retrieval of atmospheric temperature and composition from remote measurements of thermal radiation. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys.,14, 609–624.

  • Smith, W. L., 1968: An improved method for calculating tropospheric temperature and moisture from satellite radiance measurements. Mon. Wea. Rev.,96, 387–396.

  • Smith, W. L., and H. M. Woolf, 1976: The use of eigenvectors of statistical covariance matrices for interpreting satellite sounding radiometer observations. J. Atmos. Sci.,33, 1127–1140.

  • Smith, W. L., H. M. Woolf, C. M. Hayden, D. C. Wark, and L. M. McMillin, 1979:TIROS-N operational vertical sounder. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.,60, 1177–1187.

  • Smith, W. L., H. M. Woolf, C. M. Hayden, and A. J. Schreiner, 1985: The simultaneous export retrieval package. Tech. Proc. Second Int. TOVS Study Conf., Igls, Austria, CIMSS, 224–253.

  • Susskind, J., J. Rosenfield, D. Reuter, and M. T. Chahine, 1984: Remote sensing of weather and climate parameters from HIRS2/MSU on TIROS-N. J. Geophys. Res.,89, 4677–4697.

  • Zhang, W., W. P. Menzel, and J. Li, 1999: Boundary layer and total water vapor retrieval from AMSU: Simulation study and data analysis. Tech. Proc. 10th Int. TOVS Study Conf., Boulder, CO, WMO and Cosponsors, 574–585.

All Time Past Year Past 30 Days
Abstract Views 4 0 0
Full Text Views 1324 549 189
PDF Downloads 687 224 12