Editorial Type:
Article
Article Type:
Research Article

Use of X-Band Differential Reflectivity Measurements to Study Shallow Arctic Mixed-Phase Clouds

Mariko Oue Department of Meteorology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania

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Michele Galletti Biological, Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York

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Johannes Verlinde Department of Meteorology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania

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Alexander Ryzhkov Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies, University of Oklahoma and National Severe Storms Laboratory, Norman, Oklahoma

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Yinghui Lu Department of Meteorology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania

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Print Publication:
01 Feb 2016
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-15-0168.1
Page(s):
403–424
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Abstract

Microphysical processes in shallow Arctic precipitation clouds are illustrated using measurements of differential reflectivity ZDR from the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program polarimetric X-band radar deployed in Barrow, Alaska. X-band hemispheric range height indicator scans used in conjunction with Ka-band radar and lidar measurements revealed prolonged periods dominated by vapor depositional, riming, and/or aggregation growth. In each case, ice precipitation fell through at least one liquid-cloud layer in a seeder–feeder situation before reaching the surface. A long period of sustained low radar reflectivity ZH (<0–5 dBZ) and high ZDR (6–7.5 dB) throughout the depth of the cloud and subcloud layer, coinciding with observations of large pristine dendrites at the surface, suggests vapor depositional growth of large dendrites at low number concentrations. In contrast, ZDR values decreased to 2–3 dB in the mean profile when surface precipitation was dominated by aggregates or rimed dendrites. Small but consistent differences in zenith Ka-band radar Doppler velocity and lidar depolarization measurements were found between aggregation- and riming-dominated periods. The clean Arctic environment can enhance ZDR signals relative to more complex midlatitude cases, producing higher values.

Corresponding author address: Mariko Oue, Department of Meteorology, The Pennsylvania State University, 503 Walker Bldg., University Park, PA 16802. E-mail: muo15@psu.edu

Abstract

Microphysical processes in shallow Arctic precipitation clouds are illustrated using measurements of differential reflectivity ZDR from the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program polarimetric X-band radar deployed in Barrow, Alaska. X-band hemispheric range height indicator scans used in conjunction with Ka-band radar and lidar measurements revealed prolonged periods dominated by vapor depositional, riming, and/or aggregation growth. In each case, ice precipitation fell through at least one liquid-cloud layer in a seeder–feeder situation before reaching the surface. A long period of sustained low radar reflectivity ZH (<0–5 dBZ) and high ZDR (6–7.5 dB) throughout the depth of the cloud and subcloud layer, coinciding with observations of large pristine dendrites at the surface, suggests vapor depositional growth of large dendrites at low number concentrations. In contrast, ZDR values decreased to 2–3 dB in the mean profile when surface precipitation was dominated by aggregates or rimed dendrites. Small but consistent differences in zenith Ka-band radar Doppler velocity and lidar depolarization measurements were found between aggregation- and riming-dominated periods. The clean Arctic environment can enhance ZDR signals relative to more complex midlatitude cases, producing higher values.

Corresponding author address: Mariko Oue, Department of Meteorology, The Pennsylvania State University, 503 Walker Bldg., University Park, PA 16802. E-mail: muo15@psu.edu
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  • Zrnić, D. S., A. Ryzhkov, J. Straka, Y. Liu, and J. Vivekanandan, 2001: Testing a procedure for automatic classification of hydrometeor types. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 18, 892–913, doi:10.1175/1520-0426(2001)018<0892:TAPFAC>2.0.CO;2.

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