Atlas, D., S. Y. Matrosov, A. J. Heymsfield, M. D. Chao, and D. B. Wolff, 1995: Radar and radiation properties of ice clouds. J. Appl. Meteor., 34, 2329–2345, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1995)034<2329:RARPOI>2.0.CO;2.
Bringi, V. N., and V. Chandrasekar, 2001: Polarimetric Doppler Weather Radar. Cambridge University Press, 636 pp.
Field, P. R., A. J. Heymsfield, and A. Bansemer, 2007: Snow size distribution parameterization for midlatitude and tropical ice clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 4346–4365, doi:10.1175/2007JAS2344.1.
Hammonds, K. D., G. G. Mace, and S. Y. Matrosov, 2014: Characterizing the radar backscatter-cross-section sensitivities of ice-phase hydrometeor size distributions via a simple scaling of the Clausius–Mossotti factor. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 53, 2761–2774, doi:10.1175/JAMC-D-13-0280.1.
Heymsfield, A. J., A. R. Bansemer, P. R. Field, S. L. Durden, J. L. Stith, J. E. Dye, W. D. Hall, and C. A. Grainger, 2002: Observations and parameterizations of particle size distributions in deep tropical cirrus and stratiform precipitating clouds: Results from in situ observations in TRMM field campaigns. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 3457–3491, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<3457:OAPOPS>2.0.CO;2.
Heymsfield, A. J., Z. Wang, and S. Matrosov, 2005: Improved radar ice water content retrieval algorithms using coincident microphysical and radar measurements. J. Appl. Meteor., 44, 1391–1412, doi:10.1175/JAM2282.1.
Heymsfield, A. J., C. Schmitt, A. Bansemer, and C. H. Twohy, 2010: Improved representation of ice particle masses based on observations in natural clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 3303–3318, doi:10.1175/2010JAS3507.1.
Heymsfield, A. J., C. Schmitt, and A. Bansemer, 2013: Ice cloud particle size distributions and pressure-dependent terminal velocities from in situ observations at temperatures from 0° to −86°C. J. Atmos. Sci., 70, 4123–4154, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-12-0124.1.
Heymsfield, A. J., S. Y. Matrosov, and N. B. Wood, 2016: Toward improving ice water content and snow-rate retrievals from radars. Part I: X and W bands, emphasizing CloudSat. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 55, 2063–2090, doi:10.1175/JAMC-D-15-0290.1.
Hogan, R. J., and C. D. Westbrook, 2014: Equation for the microwave backscatter cross section of aggregate snowflakes using the self-similar Rayleigh–Gans approximation. J. Atmos. Sci., 71, 3292–3301, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-13-0347.1.
Hogan, R. J., M. P. Mittermaier, and A. J. Illingworth, 2006: Retrieval of ice water content from radar reflectivity factor and temperature and its use in evaluating a mesoscale model. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 45, 301–317, doi:10.1175/JAM2340.1.
Hogan, R. J., L. Tian, P. R. Brown, C. D. Westbrook, A. J. Heymsfield, and J. Eastment, 2012: Radar scattering from ice aggregates using the horizontally aligned oblate spheroid approximation. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 51, 655–671, doi:10.1175/JAMC-D-11-074.1.
Hou, A. Y., and Coauthors, 2014: The Global Precipitation Measurement mission. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 95, 701–722, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00164.1.
Korolev, A. V., and G. Isaac, 2003: Roundness and aspect ratio of particles in ice clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 1795–1808, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<1795:RAAROP>2.0.CO;2.
Kosarev, A. L., and I. P. Mazin, 1991: An empirical model of the physical structure of upper-layer clouds. Atmos. Res., 26, 213–228, doi:10.1016/0169-8095(91)90055-2.
Leinonen, J., S. Kneiefel, D. Moisseev, J. Tyynela, S. Tanelli, and T. Nousiainen, 2012: Evidence of nonspheroidal behavior in millimeter-wavelength radar observations of snowfall. J. Geophys. Res., 117, D18205, doi:10.1029/2012JD017680.
Maahn, M., and U. Loehnert, 2017: Potential of higher-order moments and slopes of the radar Doppler spectrum for retrieving microphysical and kinematic properties of Arctic ice clouds. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 56, 263–282, doi:10.1175/JAMC-D-16-0020.1.
Mather, J. H., and J. W. Voyles, 2013: The ARM Climate Research Facility: A review of structure and capabilities. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 94, 377–392, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00218.1.
Matrosov, S. Y., 1997: Variability of microphysical parameters in high-altitude ice clouds: Results of the remote sensing method. J. Appl. Meteor., 36, 633–648, doi:10.1175/1520-0450-36.6.633.
Matrosov, S. Y., 2007: Modeling backscatter properties of snowfall at millimeter wavelengths. J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 1727–1736, doi:10.1175/JAS3904.1.
Matrosov, S. Y., 2015: Evaluations of the spheroidal particle model for describing cloud radar depolarization ratios of ice hydrometeors. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 32, 865–879, doi:10.1175/JTECH-D-14-00115.1.
Matrosov, S. Y., and A. J. Heymsfield, 2008: Estimating ice content and extinction in precipitating cloud systems from CloudSat radar measurements. J. Geophys. Res., 113, D00A05, doi:10.1029/2007JD009633.
Matrosov, S. Y., A. J. Heymsfield, J. M. Intrieri, B. W. Orr, and J. B. Snider, 1995: Ground-based remote sensing of cloud particle sizes during the 26 November 1991 FIRE II cirrus case: Comparisons with in situ data. Atmos. Sci., 52, 4128–4142, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1995)052<4128:GBRSOC>2.0.CO;2.
Matrosov, S. Y., A. V. Korolev, and A. J. Heymsfield, 2002: Profiling cloud ice mass and particle characteristic size from Doppler radar measurements. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 19, 1003–1018, doi:10.1175/1520-0426(2002)019<1003:PCIMAP>2.0.CO;2.
Matrosov, S. Y., R. F. Reinking, and I. V. Djalalova, 2005: Inferring fall attitudes of pristine dendritic crystals from polarimetric radar data. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 241–250, doi:10.1175/JAS-3356.1.
Protat, A. J., and Coauthors, 2016: The measured relationship between ice water content and cloud radar reflectivity in tropical convective clouds. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 55, 1707–1729, doi:10.1175/JAMC-D-15-0248.1.
Shupe, M. D., J. M. Comstock, D. D. Turner, and G. G. Mace, 2016: Cloud property retrievals in the ARM program. The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program: The First 20 Years, Meteor. Monogr., No. 57, 19.1–19.20, doi:10.1175/AMSMONOGRAPHS-D-15-0030.1.
Skofronick-Jackson, G., and Coauthors, 2015: Global Precipitation Measurement Cold Season Precipitation Experiment (GCPEX): For measurement’s sake, let it snow. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 96, 1719–1741, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00262.1.
Tanelli, S., S. L. Durden, E. Im, K. S. Pak, D. G. Reinke, P. Partain, J. M. Haynes, and R. T. Marchand, 2008: CloudSat’s cloud profiling radar after two years in orbit: Performance, calibration, and processing. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 46, 3560–3573, doi:10.1109/TGRS.2008.2002030.
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Empirical power-law relations between the equivalent radar reflectivity factor Ze and the slope parameter of the gamma function Λ (i.e., Λ = c
The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation.
© 2017 American Meteorological Society. For information regarding reuse of this content and general copyright information, consult the AMS Copyright Policy (www.ametsoc.org/PUBSReuseLicenses).
Empirical power-law relations between the equivalent radar reflectivity factor Ze and the slope parameter of the gamma function Λ (i.e., Λ = c
The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation.
© 2017 American Meteorological Society. For information regarding reuse of this content and general copyright information, consult the AMS Copyright Policy (www.ametsoc.org/PUBSReuseLicenses).
Atlas, D., S. Y. Matrosov, A. J. Heymsfield, M. D. Chao, and D. B. Wolff, 1995: Radar and radiation properties of ice clouds. J. Appl. Meteor., 34, 2329–2345, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1995)034<2329:RARPOI>2.0.CO;2.
Bringi, V. N., and V. Chandrasekar, 2001: Polarimetric Doppler Weather Radar. Cambridge University Press, 636 pp.
Field, P. R., A. J. Heymsfield, and A. Bansemer, 2007: Snow size distribution parameterization for midlatitude and tropical ice clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 4346–4365, doi:10.1175/2007JAS2344.1.
Hammonds, K. D., G. G. Mace, and S. Y. Matrosov, 2014: Characterizing the radar backscatter-cross-section sensitivities of ice-phase hydrometeor size distributions via a simple scaling of the Clausius–Mossotti factor. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 53, 2761–2774, doi:10.1175/JAMC-D-13-0280.1.
Heymsfield, A. J., A. R. Bansemer, P. R. Field, S. L. Durden, J. L. Stith, J. E. Dye, W. D. Hall, and C. A. Grainger, 2002: Observations and parameterizations of particle size distributions in deep tropical cirrus and stratiform precipitating clouds: Results from in situ observations in TRMM field campaigns. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 3457–3491, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<3457:OAPOPS>2.0.CO;2.
Heymsfield, A. J., Z. Wang, and S. Matrosov, 2005: Improved radar ice water content retrieval algorithms using coincident microphysical and radar measurements. J. Appl. Meteor., 44, 1391–1412, doi:10.1175/JAM2282.1.
Heymsfield, A. J., C. Schmitt, A. Bansemer, and C. H. Twohy, 2010: Improved representation of ice particle masses based on observations in natural clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 3303–3318, doi:10.1175/2010JAS3507.1.
Heymsfield, A. J., C. Schmitt, and A. Bansemer, 2013: Ice cloud particle size distributions and pressure-dependent terminal velocities from in situ observations at temperatures from 0° to −86°C. J. Atmos. Sci., 70, 4123–4154, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-12-0124.1.
Heymsfield, A. J., S. Y. Matrosov, and N. B. Wood, 2016: Toward improving ice water content and snow-rate retrievals from radars. Part I: X and W bands, emphasizing CloudSat. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 55, 2063–2090, doi:10.1175/JAMC-D-15-0290.1.
Hogan, R. J., and C. D. Westbrook, 2014: Equation for the microwave backscatter cross section of aggregate snowflakes using the self-similar Rayleigh–Gans approximation. J. Atmos. Sci., 71, 3292–3301, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-13-0347.1.
Hogan, R. J., M. P. Mittermaier, and A. J. Illingworth, 2006: Retrieval of ice water content from radar reflectivity factor and temperature and its use in evaluating a mesoscale model. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 45, 301–317, doi:10.1175/JAM2340.1.
Hogan, R. J., L. Tian, P. R. Brown, C. D. Westbrook, A. J. Heymsfield, and J. Eastment, 2012: Radar scattering from ice aggregates using the horizontally aligned oblate spheroid approximation. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 51, 655–671, doi:10.1175/JAMC-D-11-074.1.
Hou, A. Y., and Coauthors, 2014: The Global Precipitation Measurement mission. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 95, 701–722, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00164.1.
Korolev, A. V., and G. Isaac, 2003: Roundness and aspect ratio of particles in ice clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 1795–1808, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<1795:RAAROP>2.0.CO;2.
Kosarev, A. L., and I. P. Mazin, 1991: An empirical model of the physical structure of upper-layer clouds. Atmos. Res., 26, 213–228, doi:10.1016/0169-8095(91)90055-2.
Leinonen, J., S. Kneiefel, D. Moisseev, J. Tyynela, S. Tanelli, and T. Nousiainen, 2012: Evidence of nonspheroidal behavior in millimeter-wavelength radar observations of snowfall. J. Geophys. Res., 117, D18205, doi:10.1029/2012JD017680.
Maahn, M., and U. Loehnert, 2017: Potential of higher-order moments and slopes of the radar Doppler spectrum for retrieving microphysical and kinematic properties of Arctic ice clouds. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 56, 263–282, doi:10.1175/JAMC-D-16-0020.1.
Mather, J. H., and J. W. Voyles, 2013: The ARM Climate Research Facility: A review of structure and capabilities. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 94, 377–392, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00218.1.
Matrosov, S. Y., 1997: Variability of microphysical parameters in high-altitude ice clouds: Results of the remote sensing method. J. Appl. Meteor., 36, 633–648, doi:10.1175/1520-0450-36.6.633.
Matrosov, S. Y., 2007: Modeling backscatter properties of snowfall at millimeter wavelengths. J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 1727–1736, doi:10.1175/JAS3904.1.
Matrosov, S. Y., 2015: Evaluations of the spheroidal particle model for describing cloud radar depolarization ratios of ice hydrometeors. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 32, 865–879, doi:10.1175/JTECH-D-14-00115.1.
Matrosov, S. Y., and A. J. Heymsfield, 2008: Estimating ice content and extinction in precipitating cloud systems from CloudSat radar measurements. J. Geophys. Res., 113, D00A05, doi:10.1029/2007JD009633.
Matrosov, S. Y., A. J. Heymsfield, J. M. Intrieri, B. W. Orr, and J. B. Snider, 1995: Ground-based remote sensing of cloud particle sizes during the 26 November 1991 FIRE II cirrus case: Comparisons with in situ data. Atmos. Sci., 52, 4128–4142, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1995)052<4128:GBRSOC>2.0.CO;2.
Matrosov, S. Y., A. V. Korolev, and A. J. Heymsfield, 2002: Profiling cloud ice mass and particle characteristic size from Doppler radar measurements. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 19, 1003–1018, doi:10.1175/1520-0426(2002)019<1003:PCIMAP>2.0.CO;2.
Matrosov, S. Y., R. F. Reinking, and I. V. Djalalova, 2005: Inferring fall attitudes of pristine dendritic crystals from polarimetric radar data. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 241–250, doi:10.1175/JAS-3356.1.
Protat, A. J., and Coauthors, 2016: The measured relationship between ice water content and cloud radar reflectivity in tropical convective clouds. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 55, 1707–1729, doi:10.1175/JAMC-D-15-0248.1.
Shupe, M. D., J. M. Comstock, D. D. Turner, and G. G. Mace, 2016: Cloud property retrievals in the ARM program. The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program: The First 20 Years, Meteor. Monogr., No. 57, 19.1–19.20, doi:10.1175/AMSMONOGRAPHS-D-15-0030.1.
Skofronick-Jackson, G., and Coauthors, 2015: Global Precipitation Measurement Cold Season Precipitation Experiment (GCPEX): For measurement’s sake, let it snow. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 96, 1719–1741, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00262.1.
Tanelli, S., S. L. Durden, E. Im, K. S. Pak, D. G. Reinke, P. Partain, J. M. Haynes, and R. T. Marchand, 2008: CloudSat’s cloud profiling radar after two years in orbit: Performance, calibration, and processing. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 46, 3560–3573, doi:10.1109/TGRS.2008.2002030.
| All Time | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Full Text Views | 479 | 145 | 16 |
| PDF Downloads | 371 | 72 | 10 |
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