Editorial Type:
Article
Article Type:
Research Article

Comparisons of Rainfall Microphysical Characteristics between the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau and Low-Altitude Areas

Xin Xu aLand-Atmosphere Interaction and Its Climatic Effects Group, State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

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Xuelong Chen aLand-Atmosphere Interaction and Its Climatic Effects Group, State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3892-5298
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Dianbin Cao aLand-Atmosphere Interaction and Its Climatic Effects Group, State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

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Yajing Liu aLand-Atmosphere Interaction and Its Climatic Effects Group, State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

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Luhan Li aLand-Atmosphere Interaction and Its Climatic Effects Group, State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

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Yaoming Ma aLand-Atmosphere Interaction and Its Climatic Effects Group, State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
bCollege of Atmospheric Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
cCollege of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
dNational Observation and Research Station for Qomolongma Special Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Changes, Dingri, China
eKathmandu Center of Research and Education, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
fChina-Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan

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Online Publication:
06 Nov 2023
Print Publication:
01 Nov 2023
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-23-0046.1
Page(s):
1591–1609
Restricted access

Abstract

The low air pressure and density over the Tibetan Plateau may have an impact on the microphysical features of rainfall. Using a two-dimensional video disdrometer (2DVD), a Micro Rain Radar (MRR), and a microwave radiometer (MWR), the features of the raindrop size distribution (DSD) on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau (SETP) are explored and compared with those in low-altitude regions. The falling speed of raindrops on the SETP is higher than that in low-altitude areas. Under different rainfall-rate categories, the number concentration and the maximum diameter of raindrops on the SETP are smaller than those in low-altitude regions. The convective rainfall on the SETP is more maritime-like because the South Asian summer monsoon brings water vapor from the ocean here. For stratiform and convective rainfall, the SETP has more small-sized raindrops than low-altitude locations. The mass-weighted mean diameters (Dm) on the SETP are the smallest among six sites. The generalized intercept parameter (Nw) of stratiform rainfall is balanced at a low rainfall rate, while that of convective rainfall is balanced at a high rainfall rate. Furthermore, for a given μ (the shape parameter of gamma distribution) value, the λ (the slope parameter of gamma distribution) value on the SETP is the highest of the six sites.

Significance Statement

For the occurrence and progression of rainfall, microphysical processes (for instance, collision, fragmentation, coalescence, and evaporation) that take place when rainfall particles descend are crucial. A key factor in the microphysical features of rainfall that varies with rainfall rates and types is the raindrop size distribution (DSD). The southeastern Tibetan Plateau (SETP)’s unique terrain ensures that there is enough moisture for rain to fall there, but little is known about the microphysical aspects of this type of precipitation. There has not been enough research done on how the high altitude affects the microphysical features of rainfall. The microphysical features of rainfall in this area must thus be studied.

© 2023 American Meteorological Society. This published article is licensed under the terms of the default AMS reuse license. For information regarding reuse of this content and general copyright information, consult the AMS Copyright Policy (www.ametsoc.org/PUBSReuseLicenses).

Corresponding author: Xuelong Chen, x.chen@itpcas.ac.cn

Abstract

The low air pressure and density over the Tibetan Plateau may have an impact on the microphysical features of rainfall. Using a two-dimensional video disdrometer (2DVD), a Micro Rain Radar (MRR), and a microwave radiometer (MWR), the features of the raindrop size distribution (DSD) on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau (SETP) are explored and compared with those in low-altitude regions. The falling speed of raindrops on the SETP is higher than that in low-altitude areas. Under different rainfall-rate categories, the number concentration and the maximum diameter of raindrops on the SETP are smaller than those in low-altitude regions. The convective rainfall on the SETP is more maritime-like because the South Asian summer monsoon brings water vapor from the ocean here. For stratiform and convective rainfall, the SETP has more small-sized raindrops than low-altitude locations. The mass-weighted mean diameters (Dm) on the SETP are the smallest among six sites. The generalized intercept parameter (Nw) of stratiform rainfall is balanced at a low rainfall rate, while that of convective rainfall is balanced at a high rainfall rate. Furthermore, for a given μ (the shape parameter of gamma distribution) value, the λ (the slope parameter of gamma distribution) value on the SETP is the highest of the six sites.

Significance Statement

For the occurrence and progression of rainfall, microphysical processes (for instance, collision, fragmentation, coalescence, and evaporation) that take place when rainfall particles descend are crucial. A key factor in the microphysical features of rainfall that varies with rainfall rates and types is the raindrop size distribution (DSD). The southeastern Tibetan Plateau (SETP)’s unique terrain ensures that there is enough moisture for rain to fall there, but little is known about the microphysical aspects of this type of precipitation. There has not been enough research done on how the high altitude affects the microphysical features of rainfall. The microphysical features of rainfall in this area must thus be studied.

© 2023 American Meteorological Society. This published article is licensed under the terms of the default AMS reuse license. For information regarding reuse of this content and general copyright information, consult the AMS Copyright Policy (www.ametsoc.org/PUBSReuseLicenses).

Corresponding author: Xuelong Chen, x.chen@itpcas.ac.cn

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