Andreas, E. L, 1988: Estimating C2 n over snow and sea ice from meteorological data. J. Opt. Soc. Amer.,5A, 481–495.
——, 1989a: A year of Bowen ratios over the frozen Beaufort Sea. J. Geophys. Res.,94, 12 721–12 724.
——, 1989b: Two-wavelength method of measuring path-averaged turbulent surface heat fluxes. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol.,6, 280–292.
——, 1990: Three-wavelength method of measuring path-averaged turbulent heat fluxes. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol.,7, 801–814.
——, 1992: Uncertainty in a path-averaged measurement of the friction velocity u∗. J. Appl. Meteor.,31, 1312–1321.
——, 1998: The atmospheric boundary layer over polar marine surfaces. Physics of Ice-Covered Seas, M. Leppäranta, Ed., Vol. 2, Helsinki University Press, 715–773.
——, and K. J. Claffey, 1995: Air–ice drag coefficients in the western Weddell Sea. Values deduced from profile measurements. J. Geophys. Res.,100, 4821–4831.
——, and B. A. Cash, 1996: A new formulation for the Bowen ratio over saturated surfaces. J. Appl. Meteor.,35, 1279–1289.
——, R. J. Hill, J. R. Gosz, D. I. Moore, W. D. Otto, and A. D. Sarma, 1998: Statistics of surface-layer turbulence over terrain with metre-scale heterogeneity. Bound.-Layer Meteor.,86, 379–408.
Arya, S. P., 1988: Introduction to Micrometeorology. Academic Press, 307 pp.
Busch, N. E., 1973: On the mechanics of atmospheric turbulence. Workshop on Micrometeorology, D. A. Haugen, Ed., Amer. Meteor. Soc., 1–65.
Doran, J. C., and Coauthors, 1992: The Boardman Regional Flux Experiment. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.,73, 1785–1795.
Furger, M., W. K. Graber, L. Poggio, and M. Rohde, 1995: A field evaluation of optical crosswind profiling methods. Preprints, Ninth Symp. on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation, Charlotte, NC, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 135–138.
Graber, W. K., M. Furger, and L. Poggio, 1995: SCIDAR: Laser and LED based wind sensing by scintillation detection and ranging. Proc. SPIE 2505, Conf. on Lidar and Atmospheric Sensing, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, 121–129.
Guest, P. S., and K. L. Davidson, 1991: The aerodynamic roughness of different types of sea ice. J. Geophys. Res.,96, 4709–4721.
Hill, R. J., 1997: Algorithms for obtaining atmospheric surface-layer fluxes from scintillation measurements. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol.,14, 456–467.
——, and G. R. Ochs, 1992: Surface-layer similarity of the temperature structure parameter. J. Atmos. Sci.,49, 1348–1353.
——, R. A. Bohlander, S. F. Clifford, R. W. McMillan, J. T. Priestley, and W. P. Schoenfeld, 1988: Turbulence-induced millimeter-wave scintillation compared with micrometeorological measurements. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens.,26, 330–342.
——, G. R. Ochs, and J. J. Wilson, 1992: Measuring surface-layer fluxes of heat and momentum using optical scintillation. Bound.-Layer Meteor.,58, 391–408.
Horst, T. W., and J. C. Weil, 1994: How far is far enough? The fetch requirements for micrometeorological measurements of surface fluxes. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol.,11, 1018–1025.
Kohsiek, W., and M. H. A. J. Herben, 1983: Evaporation derived from optical and radio-wave scintillation. Appl. Opt.,22, 2566–2570.
Large, W. G., and S. Pond, 1982: Sensible and latent heat flux measurements over the ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr.,12, 464–482.
Lawrence, R. S., G. R. Ochs, and S. F. Clifford, 1972: Use of scintillation to measure average wind across a light beam. Appl. Opt.,11, 239–243.
Margenau, H., and G. M. Murphy, 1956: The Mathematics of Physics and Chemistry. Van Nostrand, 604 pp.
Ochs, G. R., and T.-I. Wang, 1978: Finite aperture optical scintillometer for profiling wind and C2 n. Appl. Opt.,17, 3774–3778.
——, and W. D. Cartwright, 1985: Optical system model IV for space-averaged wind and C2 n measurements. NOAA Tech. Rep. ERL WPL-52, revised version, 47 pp. [NTIS PB86-144086/XAB.].
——, S. F. Clifford, and T.-I. Wang, 1976: Laser wind sensing: The effects of saturation of scintillation. Appl. Opt.,15, 403–408.
Otto, W. D., R. J. Hill, A. D. Sarma, J. J. Wilson, E. L Andreas, J. R. Gosz, and D. I. Moore, 1996: Results of the millimeter-wave instrument operated at Sevilleta, New Mexico. NOAA Tech. Memo. ERL ETL-262, 43 pp. [NTIS PB96-147590.].
Panofsky, H. A., 1963: Determination of stress from wind and temperature measurements. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.,89, 85–94.
——, and J. A. Dutton, 1984: Atmospheric Turbulence: Models and Methods for Engineering Applications. John Wiley and Sons, 397 pp.
Paulson, C. A., 1970: The mathematical representation of wind speed and temperature profiles in the unstable atmospheric surface layer. J. Appl. Meteor.,9, 857–861.
Poggio, L., 1998: Use of scintillation measurements to determine fluxes in complex terrain. Ph.D. dissertation, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland, 148 pp. [Available from ETH Library, Rämistrasse 101, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.].
——, M. Furger, A. H. Prévôt, W. K. Graber, and E. L Andreas, 2000:Scintillometer wind measurements over complex terrain. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol.,16, 17–26.
Sorbjan, Z., 1989: Structure of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer. Prentice-Hall, 317 pp.
Stull, R. B., 1988: An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology. Kluwer, 666 pp.
Thiermann, V., and H. Grassl, 1992: The measurement of turbulent surface-layer fluxes by use of bichromatic scintillation. Bound.-Layer Meteor.,58, 367–389.
Wang, T.-I., G. R. Ochs, and R. S. Lawrence, 1981: Wind measurements by the temporal cross-correlation of the optical scintillations. Appl. Opt.,20, 4073–4081.
Wieringa, J., 1992: Updating the Davenport roughness classification. J. Wind Eng. Industr. Aerodyn.,41–44, 357–368.
——, 1993: Representative roughness parameters for homogeneous terrain. Bound.-Layer Meteor.,63, 323–363.
Wyngaard, J. C., 1973: On surface-layer turbulence. Workshop on Micrometeorology, D. A. Haugen, Ed., Amer. Meteor. Soc., 101–149.
——, and S. F. Clifford, 1978: Estimating momentum, heat and moisture fluxes from structure parameters. J. Atmos. Sci.,35, 1204–1211.
——, Y. Izumi, and S. A. Collins Jr., 1971: Behavior of the refractive-index-structure parameter near the ground. J. Opt. Soc. Amer.,61, 1645–1650.
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Displayed acceptance dates for articles published prior to 2023 are approximate to within a week. If needed, exact acceptance dates can be obtained by emailing amsjol@ametsoc.org.
A crosswind scintillometer measures the average wind speed perpendicular to its propagation path, U⊥, and the refractive index structure parameter
Corresponding author address: Dr. Edgar L Andreas, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 72 Lyme Road, Hanover, NH 03755-1290.
A crosswind scintillometer measures the average wind speed perpendicular to its propagation path, U⊥, and the refractive index structure parameter
Corresponding author address: Dr. Edgar L Andreas, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 72 Lyme Road, Hanover, NH 03755-1290.
Andreas, E. L, 1988: Estimating C2 n over snow and sea ice from meteorological data. J. Opt. Soc. Amer.,5A, 481–495.
——, 1989a: A year of Bowen ratios over the frozen Beaufort Sea. J. Geophys. Res.,94, 12 721–12 724.
——, 1989b: Two-wavelength method of measuring path-averaged turbulent surface heat fluxes. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol.,6, 280–292.
——, 1990: Three-wavelength method of measuring path-averaged turbulent heat fluxes. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol.,7, 801–814.
——, 1992: Uncertainty in a path-averaged measurement of the friction velocity u∗. J. Appl. Meteor.,31, 1312–1321.
——, 1998: The atmospheric boundary layer over polar marine surfaces. Physics of Ice-Covered Seas, M. Leppäranta, Ed., Vol. 2, Helsinki University Press, 715–773.
——, and K. J. Claffey, 1995: Air–ice drag coefficients in the western Weddell Sea. Values deduced from profile measurements. J. Geophys. Res.,100, 4821–4831.
——, and B. A. Cash, 1996: A new formulation for the Bowen ratio over saturated surfaces. J. Appl. Meteor.,35, 1279–1289.
——, R. J. Hill, J. R. Gosz, D. I. Moore, W. D. Otto, and A. D. Sarma, 1998: Statistics of surface-layer turbulence over terrain with metre-scale heterogeneity. Bound.-Layer Meteor.,86, 379–408.
Arya, S. P., 1988: Introduction to Micrometeorology. Academic Press, 307 pp.
Busch, N. E., 1973: On the mechanics of atmospheric turbulence. Workshop on Micrometeorology, D. A. Haugen, Ed., Amer. Meteor. Soc., 1–65.
Doran, J. C., and Coauthors, 1992: The Boardman Regional Flux Experiment. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.,73, 1785–1795.
Furger, M., W. K. Graber, L. Poggio, and M. Rohde, 1995: A field evaluation of optical crosswind profiling methods. Preprints, Ninth Symp. on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation, Charlotte, NC, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 135–138.
Graber, W. K., M. Furger, and L. Poggio, 1995: SCIDAR: Laser and LED based wind sensing by scintillation detection and ranging. Proc. SPIE 2505, Conf. on Lidar and Atmospheric Sensing, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, 121–129.
Guest, P. S., and K. L. Davidson, 1991: The aerodynamic roughness of different types of sea ice. J. Geophys. Res.,96, 4709–4721.
Hill, R. J., 1997: Algorithms for obtaining atmospheric surface-layer fluxes from scintillation measurements. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol.,14, 456–467.
——, and G. R. Ochs, 1992: Surface-layer similarity of the temperature structure parameter. J. Atmos. Sci.,49, 1348–1353.
——, R. A. Bohlander, S. F. Clifford, R. W. McMillan, J. T. Priestley, and W. P. Schoenfeld, 1988: Turbulence-induced millimeter-wave scintillation compared with micrometeorological measurements. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens.,26, 330–342.
——, G. R. Ochs, and J. J. Wilson, 1992: Measuring surface-layer fluxes of heat and momentum using optical scintillation. Bound.-Layer Meteor.,58, 391–408.
Horst, T. W., and J. C. Weil, 1994: How far is far enough? The fetch requirements for micrometeorological measurements of surface fluxes. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol.,11, 1018–1025.
Kohsiek, W., and M. H. A. J. Herben, 1983: Evaporation derived from optical and radio-wave scintillation. Appl. Opt.,22, 2566–2570.
Large, W. G., and S. Pond, 1982: Sensible and latent heat flux measurements over the ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr.,12, 464–482.
Lawrence, R. S., G. R. Ochs, and S. F. Clifford, 1972: Use of scintillation to measure average wind across a light beam. Appl. Opt.,11, 239–243.
Margenau, H., and G. M. Murphy, 1956: The Mathematics of Physics and Chemistry. Van Nostrand, 604 pp.
Ochs, G. R., and T.-I. Wang, 1978: Finite aperture optical scintillometer for profiling wind and C2 n. Appl. Opt.,17, 3774–3778.
——, and W. D. Cartwright, 1985: Optical system model IV for space-averaged wind and C2 n measurements. NOAA Tech. Rep. ERL WPL-52, revised version, 47 pp. [NTIS PB86-144086/XAB.].
——, S. F. Clifford, and T.-I. Wang, 1976: Laser wind sensing: The effects of saturation of scintillation. Appl. Opt.,15, 403–408.
Otto, W. D., R. J. Hill, A. D. Sarma, J. J. Wilson, E. L Andreas, J. R. Gosz, and D. I. Moore, 1996: Results of the millimeter-wave instrument operated at Sevilleta, New Mexico. NOAA Tech. Memo. ERL ETL-262, 43 pp. [NTIS PB96-147590.].
Panofsky, H. A., 1963: Determination of stress from wind and temperature measurements. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.,89, 85–94.
——, and J. A. Dutton, 1984: Atmospheric Turbulence: Models and Methods for Engineering Applications. John Wiley and Sons, 397 pp.
Paulson, C. A., 1970: The mathematical representation of wind speed and temperature profiles in the unstable atmospheric surface layer. J. Appl. Meteor.,9, 857–861.
Poggio, L., 1998: Use of scintillation measurements to determine fluxes in complex terrain. Ph.D. dissertation, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland, 148 pp. [Available from ETH Library, Rämistrasse 101, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.].
——, M. Furger, A. H. Prévôt, W. K. Graber, and E. L Andreas, 2000:Scintillometer wind measurements over complex terrain. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol.,16, 17–26.
Sorbjan, Z., 1989: Structure of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer. Prentice-Hall, 317 pp.
Stull, R. B., 1988: An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology. Kluwer, 666 pp.
Thiermann, V., and H. Grassl, 1992: The measurement of turbulent surface-layer fluxes by use of bichromatic scintillation. Bound.-Layer Meteor.,58, 367–389.
Wang, T.-I., G. R. Ochs, and R. S. Lawrence, 1981: Wind measurements by the temporal cross-correlation of the optical scintillations. Appl. Opt.,20, 4073–4081.
Wieringa, J., 1992: Updating the Davenport roughness classification. J. Wind Eng. Industr. Aerodyn.,41–44, 357–368.
——, 1993: Representative roughness parameters for homogeneous terrain. Bound.-Layer Meteor.,63, 323–363.
Wyngaard, J. C., 1973: On surface-layer turbulence. Workshop on Micrometeorology, D. A. Haugen, Ed., Amer. Meteor. Soc., 101–149.
——, and S. F. Clifford, 1978: Estimating momentum, heat and moisture fluxes from structure parameters. J. Atmos. Sci.,35, 1204–1211.
——, Y. Izumi, and S. A. Collins Jr., 1971: Behavior of the refractive-index-structure parameter near the ground. J. Opt. Soc. Amer.,61, 1645–1650.
| All Time | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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| Abstract Views | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Full Text Views | 373 | 288 | 28 |
| PDF Downloads | 49 | 20 | 4 |
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