Observations of “Hysteresis” in Backscattered Ultraviolet Ozone Data

Matthew T. DeLand Raytheon ITSS Corporation, Lanham, Maryland

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Richard P. Cebula Raytheon ITSS Corporation, Lanham, Maryland

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Liang-Kang Huang Raytheon ITSS Corporation, Lanham, Maryland

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Steven L. Taylor Raytheon ITSS Corporation, Lanham, Maryland

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Richard S. Stolarski NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland

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Richard D. McPeters NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland

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Abstract

Satellite measurements using the backscattered ultraviolet technique provide a powerful method for the observation of stratospheric ozone. However, rapid input signal variations over three to four orders of magnitude in several minutes can lead to problems with instrument response. Inflight data have recently been used to characterize a “hysteresis” problem on the NOAA-9 SBUV/2 instrument, which affects measurements made shortly after emerging from darkness. Radiance values observed under these conditions can be up to 2%–3% lower than expected. A correction has been derived for NOAA-9 data that is solar zenith angle dependent and varies in amplitude and time. Typical changes to affected polar total ozone values are on the order of 1% but can reach 5% in some cases. Profile ozone changes are altitude dependent, with maximum values of 4%–5% at 1 hPa. The NOAA-11 and NOAA-14 SBUV/2 instruments have a much smaller hysteresis effect than that observed for NOAA-9 SBUV/2 due to a change in photomultiplier tubes. The Nimbus-7 SBUV instrument also shows a hysteresis effect, which has not been fully characterized at this time.

Corresponding author address: Matthew DeLand, Science Systems and Applications, Inc., 10210 Greenbelt Rd., Suite 400, Lanham, MD 20706. Email: matt_deland@sesda.com

Abstract

Satellite measurements using the backscattered ultraviolet technique provide a powerful method for the observation of stratospheric ozone. However, rapid input signal variations over three to four orders of magnitude in several minutes can lead to problems with instrument response. Inflight data have recently been used to characterize a “hysteresis” problem on the NOAA-9 SBUV/2 instrument, which affects measurements made shortly after emerging from darkness. Radiance values observed under these conditions can be up to 2%–3% lower than expected. A correction has been derived for NOAA-9 data that is solar zenith angle dependent and varies in amplitude and time. Typical changes to affected polar total ozone values are on the order of 1% but can reach 5% in some cases. Profile ozone changes are altitude dependent, with maximum values of 4%–5% at 1 hPa. The NOAA-11 and NOAA-14 SBUV/2 instruments have a much smaller hysteresis effect than that observed for NOAA-9 SBUV/2 due to a change in photomultiplier tubes. The Nimbus-7 SBUV instrument also shows a hysteresis effect, which has not been fully characterized at this time.

Corresponding author address: Matthew DeLand, Science Systems and Applications, Inc., 10210 Greenbelt Rd., Suite 400, Lanham, MD 20706. Email: matt_deland@sesda.com

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