Cover Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology
Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology

  • Baker, B. A., and Lawson P. R. , 2006: In situ observations of the microphysical properties of wave, cirrus, and anvil clouds. Part I: Wave clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 63 , 3160–3185.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Brenguier, J. L., Bourrianne T. , Coelho A. D. A. , Isbert J. , Paytavi R. , Trevarin D. , and Weschler P. , 1998: Improvements of droplet size distribution measurements with the Fast-FSSP (Foreward Scattering Spectrometer Probe). J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 15 , 1077–1090.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Brown, P. R. A., and Francis P. N. , 1995: Improved measurements of the ice water content in cirrus using a total-water probe. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 12 , 410–414.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Field, P. R., and Coauthors, 2001: Ice nucleation in orographic wave clouds: Measurements made during INTACC. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 127 , 1493–1512.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Field, P. R., Wood R. , Brown P. R. A. , Kaye P. H. , Hirst E. , Greenaway R. , and Smith J. A. , 2003: Ice particle interarrival times measured with a fast FSSP. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 20 , 249–261.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Field, P. R., Hogan R. J. , Brown P. R. A. , Illingworth A. J. , Choularton T. W. , Kaye P. H. , Hirst E. , and Greenaway R. , 2004: Simultaneous radar and aircraft observations of mixed-phase cloud at the 100 m scale. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 130 , 1877–1904.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Field, P. R., Heymsfield A. J. , and Bansemer A. , 2006: Shattering and particle interarrival times measured by optical array probes in ice clouds. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 23 , 1357–1371.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Haywood, J. M., Osborne S. R. , Francis P. N. , Keil A. , Formenti P. , Andreae M. O. , and Kaye P. H. , 2003: The mean physical and optical properties of regional haze dominated by biomass burning aerosol measured from the C-130 aircraft during SAFARI 2000. J. Geophys. Res., 108 , 8473. doi:10.1029/2002JD002226.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Hirst, E., and Kaye P. H. , 1996: Experimental and theoretical light scattering profiles from spherical and nonspherical particles. J. Geophys. Res., 101 , 19231–19235.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Hirst, E., Kaye P. H. , Greenaway R. S. , Field P. R. , and Johnson D. W. , 2001: Discrimination of micrometre-sized ice and supercooled droplets in mixed phase clouds. Atmos. Environ., 35 , 33–47.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Huang, Y., and Coauthors, 2008: The development of ice in a cumulus cloud over southwest England. New J. Phys., 10 , 105021. doi:10.1088/1367-2630/10/10/105021.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Kaye, P. H., Hirst E. , Greenaway R. S. , Ulanowski Z. , Hesse E. , DeMott P. , Saunders C. , and Connolly P. , 2008: Classifying atmospheric ice crystals by spatial light scattering. Opt. Lett., 33 , 1545–1547.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Knollenberg, R. G., 1970: The optical array: An alternative to scattering or extinction for airborne particle size determination. J. Appl. Meteor., 9 , 86–103.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Korolev, A. V., Strapp J. W. , and Isaac G. A. , 1998: Evaluation of the accuracy of PMS optical array probes. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 15 , 708–720.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Korolev, A. V., Isaac G. A. , Cober S. G. , Strapp J. W. , and Hallet J. , 2003: Microphysical characterization of mixed-phase clouds. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 129 , 39–65.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Korolev, A. V., Strapp J. W. , Issac G. A. , and Emery E. , 2008: Improved airborne hot-wire measurements of ice water content in clouds. Preprints, 15th Int. Conf. on Clouds and Precipitation, Cancun, Mexico, ICCP, P13.4.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Lawson, P. R., Baker B. A. , Schmitt C. G. , and Jensen T. L. , 2001: An overview of microphysical properties of Arctic clouds observed in May and July 1998 during FIRE ACE. J. Geophys. Res., 106 , 14989–15014.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Lawson, P. R., Baker B. A. , Pilson B. , and Mo Q. , 2006: In situ observations of the microphysical properties of wave, cirrus, and anvil clouds. Part II: Cirrus clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 63 , 3186–3203.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Marsham, J. H., Parker D. J. , Grams C. M. , Johnson B. T. , Grey W. M. F. , and Ross A. N. , 2008: Observation of mesoscale and boundary-layer scale circulations affecting dust transport and uplift over the Sahara. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8 , 8817–8846.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Osborne, S. R., Haywood J. M. , Francis P. N. , and Dubovik O. , 2004: Short-wave radiative effects of biomass burning aerosols during SAFARI2000. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 130 , 1423–1447.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Pruppacher, H. R., and Klett J. D. , 1997: Microphysics of Clouds and Precipitation. 2nd ed. Kluwer Academic, 40 pp.

  • Stopford, C., Ulanowski Z. , Hesse E. , Kaye P. , Hirst E. , Schnaiter M. , and McCall D. , 2007: Initial investigation into using Fourier spectra as a means of classifying ice crystal shapes. Proc. 11th Int. Conf. on Electromagnetic and Light Scattering, Hatfield, United Kingdom, Amer. Inst. Phys., 247–250.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Strapp, J. W., Albers F. , Reuter A. , Korolev V. , Maixner W. , Rashke E. , and Vukovic Z. , 2001: Laboratory measurements of the response of a PMS OAP-2DC probe. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 18 , 1150–1170.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Ulanowski, Z., Hesse E. , Kaye P. , and Baran A. , 2006: Light scattering by complex ice-analogue crystals. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 100 , 382–392.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Ulanowski, Z., Stopford C. , Hesse E. , Kaye P. H. , Hirst E. , and Schnaiter M. , 2007: Characterization of small ice crystals using frequency analysis of azimuthal scattering patterns. Proc. 10th Int. Conf. on Electromagnetic and Light Scattering, Bodrum, Turkey, Amer. Inst. Phys., 225–228.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
All Time Past Year Past 30 Days
Abstract Views 0 0 0
Full Text Views 482 167 11
PDF Downloads 308 105 11
Article Type:
Research Article

The Ability of the Small Ice Detector (SID-2) to Characterize Cloud Particle and Aerosol Morphologies Obtained during Flights of the FAAM BAe-146 Research Aircraft

Richard CottonMet Office, Exeter, United Kingdom

Search for other papers by Richard Cotton in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMedClose
,
S. OsborneMet Office, Exeter, United Kingdom

Search for other papers by S. Osborne in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMedClose
,
Z. UlanowskiSTRC, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom

Search for other papers by Z. Ulanowski in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMedClose
,
E. HirstSTRC, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom

Search for other papers by E. Hirst in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMedClose
,
P. H. KayeSTRC, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom

Search for other papers by P. H. Kaye in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMedClose
, and
R. S. GreenawaySTRC, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom

Search for other papers by R. S. Greenaway in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMedClose
Print Publication:
01 Feb 2010
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JTECHA1282.1
Page(s):
290–303
Restricted access

Abstract

The Small Ice Detector mark 2 (SID-2), which was built by the University of Hertfordshire, has been operated by the Met Office on the Facility for Atmospheric Airborne Research (FAAM) BAe-146 aircraft during a large number of flights. The flights covered a wide range of atmospheric conditions, including stratocumulus, altocumulus lenticularis, cirrus, and mixed-phase cumulus clouds, as well as clear-sky flights over the sea and over desert surfaces. SID-2 is a laser scattering device that provides in situ data on cloud particle concentration and size. SID-2 also provides the spatial light scattering data from individual particles to give some information on the particle shape. The advantage of SID-2 is that it can characterize the cloud particle shape for particle sizes less than the resolutions of the more usual commercially available ice crystal imaging probes. The particle shape characteristics enable, for example, small just-nucleated ice particles to be discriminated from supercooled water drops. SID-2 also has an open-path inlet that reduces shattering of large cloud particles compared to other probes that use a tube inlet.

The aim of this paper is to illustrate the capability of SID-2 to count, size, and determine cloud particle and aerosol shape. This is done by comparing the response of SID-2 to water drops, ice particles, and aerosols with that from other standard aircraft-based probes.

Corresponding author address: Richard Cotton, Met Office, FitzRoy Road, Exeter, Devon EX1 3PB, United Kingdom. Email: richard.cotton@metoffice.gov.uk

Abstract

The Small Ice Detector mark 2 (SID-2), which was built by the University of Hertfordshire, has been operated by the Met Office on the Facility for Atmospheric Airborne Research (FAAM) BAe-146 aircraft during a large number of flights. The flights covered a wide range of atmospheric conditions, including stratocumulus, altocumulus lenticularis, cirrus, and mixed-phase cumulus clouds, as well as clear-sky flights over the sea and over desert surfaces. SID-2 is a laser scattering device that provides in situ data on cloud particle concentration and size. SID-2 also provides the spatial light scattering data from individual particles to give some information on the particle shape. The advantage of SID-2 is that it can characterize the cloud particle shape for particle sizes less than the resolutions of the more usual commercially available ice crystal imaging probes. The particle shape characteristics enable, for example, small just-nucleated ice particles to be discriminated from supercooled water drops. SID-2 also has an open-path inlet that reduces shattering of large cloud particles compared to other probes that use a tube inlet.

The aim of this paper is to illustrate the capability of SID-2 to count, size, and determine cloud particle and aerosol shape. This is done by comparing the response of SID-2 to water drops, ice particles, and aerosols with that from other standard aircraft-based probes.

Corresponding author address: Richard Cotton, Met Office, FitzRoy Road, Exeter, Devon EX1 3PB, United Kingdom. Email: richard.cotton@metoffice.gov.uk

Save