Editorial Type:
Article
Article Type:
Research Article

Remotely Sensed Microphysical and Thermodynamic Properties of Nonuniform Water Cloud Fields

Harshvardhan Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana

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Guang Guo Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana

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Robert N. Green Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana

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Zheng Qu Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana

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Takashi Y. Nakajima JAXA Earth Observation Research and Application Center, Tokyo, Japan

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Print Publication:
01 Nov 2004
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS3301.1
Page(s):
2574–2587
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Abstract

Visible and near-infrared reflected radiances have been used to estimate the cloud optical depth and effective radius of cloud-filled global area coverage (GAC) pixels from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) for two cases in the North Atlantic Ocean. One is representative of clouds having low concentrations of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), while the other is an example of maritime clouds forming in continental air, in this case, intruding from Europe around a cutoff low pressure system. It is shown that an estimate of the cloud drop concentration can be obtained from remotely sensed cloud radiative properties and standard meteorological analyses. These concentrations show very clearly the influence of enhanced CCN on cloud microphysics. However, conclusions regarding the indirect radiative effect of aerosol on cloud must wait for the development of a framework for analyzing changes in cloud liquid water path (LWP). It is shown that estimates of LWP are greatly influenced by the scheme that is used to identify cloudy pixels at the AVHRR GAC resolution. Application of a very strict thermal channel spatial coherence criterion for identifying cloud-filled pixels yields mean LWP estimates for cloudy pixels alone that are 40%–75% higher than mean LWP estimates for the much larger sample of possibly cloudy pixels identified by a reflectance threshold criterion.

Corresponding author address: Dr. Harshvardhan, Dept. of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Dr., West Lafayette, IN 47907-2051. Email: harshvar@purdue.edu

Abstract

Visible and near-infrared reflected radiances have been used to estimate the cloud optical depth and effective radius of cloud-filled global area coverage (GAC) pixels from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) for two cases in the North Atlantic Ocean. One is representative of clouds having low concentrations of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), while the other is an example of maritime clouds forming in continental air, in this case, intruding from Europe around a cutoff low pressure system. It is shown that an estimate of the cloud drop concentration can be obtained from remotely sensed cloud radiative properties and standard meteorological analyses. These concentrations show very clearly the influence of enhanced CCN on cloud microphysics. However, conclusions regarding the indirect radiative effect of aerosol on cloud must wait for the development of a framework for analyzing changes in cloud liquid water path (LWP). It is shown that estimates of LWP are greatly influenced by the scheme that is used to identify cloudy pixels at the AVHRR GAC resolution. Application of a very strict thermal channel spatial coherence criterion for identifying cloud-filled pixels yields mean LWP estimates for cloudy pixels alone that are 40%–75% higher than mean LWP estimates for the much larger sample of possibly cloudy pixels identified by a reflectance threshold criterion.

Corresponding author address: Dr. Harshvardhan, Dept. of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Dr., West Lafayette, IN 47907-2051. Email: harshvar@purdue.edu

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