Editorial Type:
Article
Article Type:
Research Article

A Density Current Parameterization Coupled with Emanuel’s Convection Scheme. Part II: 1D Simulations

Jean-Yves Grandpeix Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Paris, France

Search for other papers by Jean-Yves Grandpeix in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Jean-Philippe Lafore CNRM-GAME, Météo-France, and CNRS, Toulouse, France

Search for other papers by Jean-Philippe Lafore in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
, and
Frédérique Cheruy Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Paris, France

Search for other papers by Frédérique Cheruy in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
Print Publication:
01 Apr 2010
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JAS3045.1
Page(s):
898–922
Restricted access

Abstract

The density current parameterization coupled with Emanuel’s convection scheme, described in of this series of papers, is tested in a single-column framework for continental and maritime convective systems. The case definitions and reference simulations are provided by cloud-resolving models (CRMs). For both cases, the wake scheme yields cold pools with temperature and humidity differences relative to the environment in reasonable agreement with observations (with wake depth on the order of 2 km over land and 1 km over ocean). The coupling with the convection scheme yields convective heating, drying, and precipitation similar to those simulated by the CRM. Thus, the representation of the action of the wakes on convection in terms of available lifting energy (ALE) and available lifting power (ALP) appears satisfactory. The sensitivity of the wake–convection system to the basic parameters of the parameterization is widely explored. A range of values for each parameter is recommended to help with implementing the scheme in a full-fledged general circulation model.

Corresponding author address: J.-Y. Grandpeix, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Boite 99, 4, Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris CEDEX 05, France. Email: jyg@lmd.jussieu.fr

Abstract

The density current parameterization coupled with Emanuel’s convection scheme, described in of this series of papers, is tested in a single-column framework for continental and maritime convective systems. The case definitions and reference simulations are provided by cloud-resolving models (CRMs). For both cases, the wake scheme yields cold pools with temperature and humidity differences relative to the environment in reasonable agreement with observations (with wake depth on the order of 2 km over land and 1 km over ocean). The coupling with the convection scheme yields convective heating, drying, and precipitation similar to those simulated by the CRM. Thus, the representation of the action of the wakes on convection in terms of available lifting energy (ALE) and available lifting power (ALP) appears satisfactory. The sensitivity of the wake–convection system to the basic parameters of the parameterization is widely explored. A range of values for each parameter is recommended to help with implementing the scheme in a full-fledged general circulation model.

Corresponding author address: J.-Y. Grandpeix, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Boite 99, 4, Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris CEDEX 05, France. Email: jyg@lmd.jussieu.fr

Save
Cover Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

  • Bechtold, P., and Coauthors, 2000: A GCSS model intercomparison for a tropical squall line observed during TOGA COARE. II: Intercomparison of single-column models and a cloud-resolving model. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 126 , 865–888.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Bryan, G., D. Ahijevych, C. Davis, S. Trier, and M. Weisman, 2005: Observations of cold pool properties in mesoscale convective systems during BAMEX. Preprints, 11th Conf. on Mesoscale Processes, Albuquerque, NM, Amer. Meteor. Soc., JP5J.12. [Available online at ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/96718.pdf].

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Diongue, A., J-L. Lafore, J-L. Redelsperger, and R. Roca, 2002: Numerical study of a Sahelian synoptic weather system: Initiation and mature stages and its interactions with the large-scale dynamics. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 128 , 1899–1927.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Emanuel, K. A., 1991: A scheme for representing cumulus convection in large-scale models. J. Atmos. Sci., 48 , 2313–2335.

  • Emanuel, K. A., 1993: A cumulus representation based on the episodic mixing model: The importance of mixing and microphysics in predicting humidity. The Representation of Cumulus Convection in Numerical Models, Meteor. Monogr., No. 46, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 185–192.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Gaynor, J. G., and P. A. Mandics, 1978: Analysis of the tropical marine boundary layer during GATE using acoustic sounder data. Mon. Wea. Rev., 106 , 223–232.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Goutorbe, J-P., and Coauthors, 1994: HAPEX-Sahel: A large-scale study of land–atmosphere interactions in the semi-arid tropics. Ann. Geophys., 12 , 53–64.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Grandpeix, J-Y., and J-P. Lafore, 2010: A density current parameterization coupled with Emanuel’s convection scheme. Part I: The models. J. Atmos. Sci., 67 , 881–897.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Hourdin, F., and Coauthors, 2006: The LMDZ4 general circulation model: Climate performance and sensitivity to parametrized physics with emphasis on tropical convection. Climate Dyn., 27 , 787–813.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Jorgensen, D. P., M. A. LeMone, and S. B. Trier, 1997: Structure and evolution of the 22 February 1993 TOGA COARE squall line: Observations of precipitation, circulation, and surface energy fluxes. J. Atmos. Sci., 54 , 1961–1985.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Lafore, J-P., J-L. Redelsperger, and G. Jaubert, 1988: Comparison between a three-dimensional simulation and Doppler radar data of a tropical squall line: Transport of mass, momentum, heat, and moisture. J. Atmos. Sci., 45 , 3483–3500.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Lafore, J-P., and Coauthors, 1998: The Méso-NH atmospheric simulation system. Part I: Adiabatic formulation and control simulations. Ann. Geophys., 16 , 90–108.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Montmerle, T., and Y. Lemaitre, 1998: Three-dimensional variational data analysis to retrieve thermodynamical and dynamical fields from various nested wind measurements. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 15 , 360–379.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Montmerle, T., J-P. Lafore, and J-L. Redelsperger, 2000: A tropical squall line observed during TOGA COARE: Extended comparisons between simulations and Doppler radar data and the role of midlevel wind shear. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128 , 3709–3730.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Piriou, J. M., J-L. Redelsperger, J. F. Geleyn, J-L. Lafore, and F. Guichard, 2007: An approach for convective parameterization with memory: Separating microphysics and transport in grid-scale equations. J. Atmos. Sci., 64 , 4127–4139.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Qian, L., G. S. Young, and W. M. Frank, 1998: A convective wake parameterization scheme for use in general circulation models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126 , 456–469.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Redelsperger, J-L., and Coauthors, 2000: A GCSS model intercomparison for a tropical squall line observed during TOGA COARE. I: Cloud-resolving models. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 126 , 823–863.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Redelsperger, J-L., A. Diongue, A. Diedhiou, J-P. Ceron, M. Diop, J. F. Gueremy, and J-P. Lafore, 2002: Multi-scale description of a Sahelian synoptic weather system representative of the West African monsoon. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 128 , 1229–1257.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Rio, C., F. Hourdin, J-Y. Grandpeix, and J-P. Lafore, 2009: Shifting the diurnal cycle of parameterized deep convection over land. Geophys. Res. Lett., 36 , L07809. doi:10.1029/2008GL036779.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Rozbicki, J. J., G. Young, and L. Qian, 1999: Test of a convective wake parameterization in the single-column version of CCM3. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127 , 1347–1361.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Yanai, M., S. Esbensen, and J-H. Chu, 1973: Determination of bulk properties of tropical cloud clusters from large-scale heat and moisture budgets. J. Atmos. Sci., 30 , 611–627.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Young, G. S., S. M. Perugini, and C. W. Fairall, 1995: Convective wakes in the equatorial western Pacific during TOGA. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123 , 110–123.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
All Time Past Year Past 30 Days
Abstract Views 0 0 0
Full Text Views 287 137 10
PDF Downloads 133 80 4