Editorial Type:
Article
Article Type:
Research Article

Reasons for the Extremely High-Ranging Planetary Boundary Layer over the Western Tibetan Plateau in Winter

Xuelong Chen * Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands

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Bojan Škerlak Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

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Mathias W. Rotach Institute of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria

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Juan A. Añel Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
Environmental Physics Laboratory, Science Faculty, Vigo University, Ourense, Spain

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Zhonbgo Su * Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands

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Yaoming Ma ** Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, China

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Maoshan Li Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
* Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands

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Print Publication:
01 May 2016
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-15-0148.1
Page(s):
2021–2038
Restricted access

Abstract

The planetary boundary layer (PBL) over the Tibetan Plateau (with a mean elevation about 4 km above sea level) reaches an unmatched height of 9515 m above sea level. The proximity of this height to the tropopause facilitates an exchange between the stratosphere and the boundary layer. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for this unique PBL have remained uncertain. Here, the authors explore these mechanisms and their relative importance using measurements of the PBL, the associated surface fluxes, and single-column and regional numerical simulations, as well as global reanalysis data. Results indicate that the dry conditions of both ground soil and atmosphere in late winter cannot explain the special PBL alone. Rather, the results from a single-column model demonstrate the key influence of the stability of the free atmosphere upon the growth of extremely deep PBLs over the Tibetan Plateau. Simulations with the numerical weather prediction model Consortium for Small-Scale Modelling (COSMO) exhibit good correspondence with the observed mean PBL structure and realistic turbulent kinetic energy distributions throughout the PBL. Using ERA-Interim, the authors furthermore find that weak atmospheric stability and the resultant deep PBLs are associated with higher upper-level potential vorticity (PV) values, which in turn correspond to a more southerly jet position and higher wind speeds. Upper-level PV structures and jet position thus influence the PBL development over the Tibetan Plateau.

Corresponding author address: Xuelong Chen, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, Hengelostraat 99, Enschede 7500AE, Netherlands. E-mail: x.chen@utwente.nl

This article is included in the Mountain Terrain Atmospheric Modeling and Observations (MATERHORN) special collection.

Abstract

The planetary boundary layer (PBL) over the Tibetan Plateau (with a mean elevation about 4 km above sea level) reaches an unmatched height of 9515 m above sea level. The proximity of this height to the tropopause facilitates an exchange between the stratosphere and the boundary layer. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for this unique PBL have remained uncertain. Here, the authors explore these mechanisms and their relative importance using measurements of the PBL, the associated surface fluxes, and single-column and regional numerical simulations, as well as global reanalysis data. Results indicate that the dry conditions of both ground soil and atmosphere in late winter cannot explain the special PBL alone. Rather, the results from a single-column model demonstrate the key influence of the stability of the free atmosphere upon the growth of extremely deep PBLs over the Tibetan Plateau. Simulations with the numerical weather prediction model Consortium for Small-Scale Modelling (COSMO) exhibit good correspondence with the observed mean PBL structure and realistic turbulent kinetic energy distributions throughout the PBL. Using ERA-Interim, the authors furthermore find that weak atmospheric stability and the resultant deep PBLs are associated with higher upper-level potential vorticity (PV) values, which in turn correspond to a more southerly jet position and higher wind speeds. Upper-level PV structures and jet position thus influence the PBL development over the Tibetan Plateau.

Corresponding author address: Xuelong Chen, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, Hengelostraat 99, Enschede 7500AE, Netherlands. E-mail: x.chen@utwente.nl

This article is included in the Mountain Terrain Atmospheric Modeling and Observations (MATERHORN) special collection.

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