The Aerosols, Radiation and Clouds in Southern Africa Field Campaign in Namibia: Overview, Illustrative Observations, and Way Forward

Paola Formenti LISA, UMR CNRS 7583, Université Paris-Est-Créteil, Université de Paris, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Créteil, France

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Barbara D’Anna IRCELYON, UMR CNRS 5256, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, and Aix Marseille Université, CNRS 7376, LCE, Marseille, France

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Cyrille Flamant LATMOS, UMR CNRS 8190, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Paris, France

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Marc Mallet CNRM, Université de Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, Toulouse, France

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Stuart John Piketh North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa

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Kerstin Schepanski TROPOS, Leipzig, Germany

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Fabien Waquet LOA, UMR CNRS 8518, Université de Lille, Lille, France

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Frédérique Auriol LOA, UMR CNRS 8518, Université de Lille, Lille, France

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Gerard Brogniez LOA, UMR CNRS 8518, Université de Lille, Lille, France

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Frédéric Burnet CNRM, Université de Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, Toulouse, France

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Jean-Pierre Chaboureau LA, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France

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Aurélien Chauvigné LOA, UMR CNRS 8518, Université de Lille, Lille, France

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Patrick Chazette LSCE, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

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Cyrielle Denjean CNRM, Université de Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, Toulouse, France

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Karine Desboeufs LISA, UMR CNRS 7583, Université Paris-Est-Créteil, Université de Paris, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Créteil, France

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Jean-François Doussin LISA, UMR CNRS 7583, Université Paris-Est-Créteil, Université de Paris, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Créteil, France

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Nellie Elguindi LA, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France

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Stefanie Feuerstein TROPOS, Leipzig, Germany

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Marco Gaetani LISA, UMR CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Créteil, and LATMOS, UMR CNRS 8190, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Paris, France

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Chiara Giorio Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, UniversitaÌ degli Studi di Padova, Padua, Italy

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Danitza Klopper North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa

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Marc Daniel Mallet LISA, UMR CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Créteil, and IRCELYON, UMR CNRS 5256, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France

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Pierre Nabat CNRM, Université de Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, Toulouse, France

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Anne Monod Aix Marseille Université, CNRS 7376, LCE, Marseille, France

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Fabien Solmon LA, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France

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Andreas Namwoonde Sam Nujoma Marine and Coastal Resources Research Centre, University of Namibia, Henties Bay, Namibia

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Chibo Chikwililwa Sam Nujoma Marine and Coastal Resources Research Centre, University of Namibia, Henties Bay, Namibia

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Roland Mushi Gobabeb Research and Training Centre, Walvis Bay, Namibia

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Ellsworth Judd Welton NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland

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Brent Holben NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland

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Abstract

The Aerosol, Radiation and Clouds in southern Africa (AEROCLO-sA) project investigates the role of aerosols on the regional climate of southern Africa. This is a unique environment where natural and anthropogenic aerosols and a semipermanent and widespread stratocumulus (Sc) cloud deck are found. The project aims to understand the dynamical, chemical, and radiative processes involved in aerosol–cloud–radiation interactions over land and ocean and under various meteorological conditions. The AEROCLO-sA field campaign was conducted in August and September of 2017 over Namibia. An aircraft equipped with active and passive remote sensors and aerosol in situ probes performed a total of 30 research flight hours. In parallel, a ground-based mobile station with state-of-the-art in situ aerosol probes and remote sensing instrumentation was implemented over coastal Namibia, and complemented by ground-based and balloonborne observations of the dynamical, thermodynamical, and physical properties of the lower troposphere. The focus laid on mineral dust emitted from salty pans and ephemeral riverbeds in northern Namibia, the advection of biomass-burning aerosol plumes from Angola subsequently transported over the Atlantic Ocean, and aerosols in the marine boundary layer at the ocean–atmosphere interface. This article presents an overview of the AEROCLO-sA field campaign with results from the airborne and surface measurements. These observations provide new knowledge of the interactions of aerosols and radiation in cloudy and clear skies in connection with the atmospheric dynamics over southern Africa. They will foster new advanced climate simulations and enhance the capability of spaceborne sensors, ultimately allowing a better prediction of future climate and weather in southern Africa.

© 2019 American Meteorological Society. For information regarding reuse of this content and general copyright information, consult the AMS Copyright Policy (www.ametsoc.org/PUBSReuseLicenses).

CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Paola Formenti, paola.formenti@lisa.u-pec.fr

A supplement to this article is available online (10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0278.2).

Abstract

The Aerosol, Radiation and Clouds in southern Africa (AEROCLO-sA) project investigates the role of aerosols on the regional climate of southern Africa. This is a unique environment where natural and anthropogenic aerosols and a semipermanent and widespread stratocumulus (Sc) cloud deck are found. The project aims to understand the dynamical, chemical, and radiative processes involved in aerosol–cloud–radiation interactions over land and ocean and under various meteorological conditions. The AEROCLO-sA field campaign was conducted in August and September of 2017 over Namibia. An aircraft equipped with active and passive remote sensors and aerosol in situ probes performed a total of 30 research flight hours. In parallel, a ground-based mobile station with state-of-the-art in situ aerosol probes and remote sensing instrumentation was implemented over coastal Namibia, and complemented by ground-based and balloonborne observations of the dynamical, thermodynamical, and physical properties of the lower troposphere. The focus laid on mineral dust emitted from salty pans and ephemeral riverbeds in northern Namibia, the advection of biomass-burning aerosol plumes from Angola subsequently transported over the Atlantic Ocean, and aerosols in the marine boundary layer at the ocean–atmosphere interface. This article presents an overview of the AEROCLO-sA field campaign with results from the airborne and surface measurements. These observations provide new knowledge of the interactions of aerosols and radiation in cloudy and clear skies in connection with the atmospheric dynamics over southern Africa. They will foster new advanced climate simulations and enhance the capability of spaceborne sensors, ultimately allowing a better prediction of future climate and weather in southern Africa.

© 2019 American Meteorological Society. For information regarding reuse of this content and general copyright information, consult the AMS Copyright Policy (www.ametsoc.org/PUBSReuseLicenses).

CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Paola Formenti, paola.formenti@lisa.u-pec.fr

A supplement to this article is available online (10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0278.2).

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