With the unusually violent tornado season of 2011, there has been a renewed national interest, through such programs as NOAA's Weather Ready Nation initiative, to reevaluate and improve our tornado warning process. This literature review provides an interdisciplinary, end-to-end examination of the tornado warning process. Following the steps outlined by the Integrated Warning System, current research in tornado prediction and detection, the warning decision process, warning dissemination, and public response are reviewed, and some of the major challenges for improving each stage are highlighted. The progress and challenges in multi-day to short-term tornado prediction are discussed, followed by an examination of tornado detection, focused primarily upon the contributions made by weather radar and storm spotters. Next is a review of the warning decision process and the challenges associated with dissemination of the warning, followed by a discussion of the complexities associated with understanding public response. Finally, several research opportunities are considered, with emphases on understanding acceptable risk, greater community and personal preparation, and personalization of the hazard risk.
Artificial Intelligence for the Earth Systems
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Community Science
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Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology
Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology
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Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Monthly Weather Review
Weather and Forecasting
Weather, Climate, and Society
Meteorological Monographs
Artificial Intelligence for the Earth Systems
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Community Science
Earth Interactions
Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology
Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology
Journal of Climate
Journal of Hydrometeorology
Journal of Physical Oceanography
Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Monthly Weather Review
Weather and Forecasting
Weather, Climate, and Society
Meteorological Monographs
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The Tornado Warning Process: A Review of Current Research, Challenges, and Opportunities
J. Brotzge
J. Brotzge
University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
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W. Donner
W. Donner
Department of Sociology and Anthropology, The University of Texas–Pan American, Edinburg, Texas
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Displayed acceptance dates for articles published prior to 2023 are approximate to within a week. If needed, exact acceptance dates can be obtained by emailing amsjol@ametsoc.org.
With the unusually violent tornado season of 2011, there has been a renewed national interest, through such programs as NOAA's Weather Ready Nation initiative, to reevaluate and improve our tornado warning process. This literature review provides an interdisciplinary, end-to-end examination of the tornado warning process. Following the steps outlined by the Integrated Warning System, current research in tornado prediction and detection, the warning decision process, warning dissemination, and public response are reviewed, and some of the major challenges for improving each stage are highlighted. The progress and challenges in multi-day to short-term tornado prediction are discussed, followed by an examination of tornado detection, focused primarily upon the contributions made by weather radar and storm spotters. Next is a review of the warning decision process and the challenges associated with dissemination of the warning, followed by a discussion of the complexities associated with understanding public response. Finally, several research opportunities are considered, with emphases on understanding acceptable risk, greater community and personal preparation, and personalization of the hazard risk.
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