Cover Journal of Climate
Journal of Climate

  • ACSYS, 1994: World Climate Research Programme Initial Implementation plan for the Arctic Climate System Study (ACSYS), September 1994. WCRP-85, WMO/TD-No. 627, 66 pp. [Available from the World Meteorological Organization, 41 Avenue Giusseppe-Motta, CH-1211 Geneva 2, Swizterland.].

  • Armstrong, R. L., and M. J. Brodzik, 1995: An earth-gridded SSM/I data set for cryospheric studies and global change monitoring. Adv. Space Res.,16, 155–163.

  • Belousov, S. L., L. S. Gandin, and S. A. Mashovich, 1971: Computer Processing of Meteorological Data. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, 210 pp.

  • Chapman, W. L., and J. E. Walsh, 1993: Recent variations of sea ice and air temperature in high latitudes. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.,74, 33–47.

  • Colony, R., I. Appel, and I. Rigor, 1992: Surface air temperature observations in the Arctic Basin. Tech. Memo. TM 1-92, 120 pp. [Available from Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195.].

  • Eicken, H., E. Reimnitz, V. Alexandrov, T. Martin, H. Kassens, and T. Viehoff, 1997: Sea-ice processes in the Laptev Sea and their importance for sediment export. Cont. Shelf Res.,17, 205–233.

  • Flato, G. M., 1995: Spatial and temporal variability of Arctic ice thickness. Ann. Glaciol.,21, 323–329.

  • Galantowicz, J. F., and A. W. England, 1991: The Michigan earth grid: Description, registration method for SSM/I data, and derivative map projections. Tech. Rep. 0273960-2-T, 19 pp.

  • Gloersen, P., W. J. Campbell, D. J. Cavalieri, J. C. Comiso, C. L. Parkinson, and H. J. Zwally, 1992: Artic and Antarctic sea ice, 1978–1987: Satellite passive-microwave observations and analysis. NASA SP-511, 290 pp.

  • Hakkinen, S. H., 1993: An Arctic source for the Great Salinity Anomaly: A simulation of the Arctic ice–ocean system for 1955–1975. J. Geophys. Res.,98, 16 397–16 410.

  • Hansen, J., and S. Lebedeff, 1987: Global trends of measured surface air temperature, J. Geophys. Res.,92, 13 345–13 372.

  • Kahl, J. D., D. J. Charlevoix, N. A. Zaitseva, R. C. Schnell, and M. C. Serreze, 1993: Absence of evidence for greenhouse warming over the Arctic Ocean in the past 40 years. Nature,361, 335–337.

  • Kalnay, E., and Coauthors, 1996: The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.,77, 437–471.

  • Overland, J. E., and P. S. Guest, 1991: The Arctic snow and air temperature budget over sea ice during winter. J. Geophys. Res.,96, 4651–4662.

  • ——, J. M. Adams, and N. A. Bond, 1997: Regional variation of winter temperatures in the Arctic. J. Climate,10, 821–837.

  • Robinson, D. A., M. C. Serreze, R. G. Barry, G. Scharfen, and G. Kukla, 1992: Large-scale patterns and variability of snowmelt and parameterized surface albedo in the Arctic Basin. J. Climate,5, 1109–1119.

  • Sverdrup, H. U., 1933: The Norwegian North Polar Expedition with the “Maud” 1918–1925, Scientific Results. Vol. II, Meteorology, Part I, Discussion, Geofysisk Institutt, 331 pp.

  • Thorndike, A. S., 1982: Statistical properties of the atmospheric pressure field over the Arctic Ocean. J. Atmos. Sci.,39, 2229–2238.

  • ——, and R. L. Colony, 1980: Arctic Ocean Buoy Program data report, 19 January 1979–31 December 1979. Polar Science Center Data Rep., 131 pp. [Available from Polar Science Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195.].

  • Trenberth, K. E., and J. G. Olson, 1988: An evaluation and intercomparison of global analyses from NMC and ECMWF. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.,69, 1047–1057.

  • Untersteiner, N., and A. S. Thorndike, 1982: The Arctic data buoy program. Polar Rec.,21, 127–135.

  • Vowinckel, E., and S. Orvig, 1970: The climate of the North Polar Basin. World Survey of Climatology, S. Orvig, Ed., Climates of the Polar Regions, Vol. 14, Elsevier, 129–252.

  • Walsh, J. E., and H. J. Zwally, 1990: Multiyear sea ice in the Arctic: Model- and satellite-derived. J. Geophys. Res.,95, 11 613–11 628.

  • Woodruff, S. D., R. J. Jenne, and P. M. Steurer, 1987: A Comprehensive Ocean–Atmosphere Data Set. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.,68, 1239–1250.

All Time Past Year Past 30 Days
Abstract Views 0 0 0
Full Text Views 181 53 5
PDF Downloads 54 29 1
Editorial Type:
Article
Article Type:
Research Article

Properties of the Arctic 2-Meter Air Temperature Field for 1979 to the Present Derived from a New Gridded Dataset

Seelye Martin1 and Esther A. Munoz1
View More View Less
  • 1 School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
Print Publication:
01 Jun 1997
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<1428:POTAMA>2.0.CO;2
Page(s):
1428–1440
Restricted access

Abstract

This paper discusses the behavior of the Arctic Ocean surface air temperature field for 1979–93. Temperatures are derived from a new gridded 6-h, 2-m air temperature dataset called POLES. These gridded air temperatures are estimated from optimal interpolation of temperature inputs from drifting buoys, manned Soviet North Pole (NP) drifting ice stations, coastal land weather stations, and ship reports. In processing the POLES data, the winter and summer properties of the mean NP temperatures are used to discard inaccurate or snow-covered buoys and to remove a summer warm bias. Comparison of the POLES and specific NP temperatures shows that the POLES temperature behaves well and gives better results than other gridded temperature datasets. Maps of the mean seasonal temperatures give realistic results consistent with other published estimates, and plots of the summer advance and retreat of the 0°C isotherm show the expected asymmetry between advance and retreat associated with the open water formation adjacent to the coasts. Also, comparison of the regional POLES observations of the annual onset of melt and freeze with published estimates derived from visible and passive microwave satellite data gives realistic results. However, problems with the dataset arise in the post-1991 period from the termination of the NP stations and a reduction in the number of Siberian and Alaskan weather stations. In spite of these problems, the paper shows that the POLES dataset provides an improved air temperature field for use in numerical sea ice models and for comparison with satellite datasets.

Corresponding author address: Dr. Seelye Martin, School of Oceanography, University of Washington, P.O. Box 357940, Seattle, WA 98195-7940.

Email: seelye@ocean.washington.edu

Abstract

This paper discusses the behavior of the Arctic Ocean surface air temperature field for 1979–93. Temperatures are derived from a new gridded 6-h, 2-m air temperature dataset called POLES. These gridded air temperatures are estimated from optimal interpolation of temperature inputs from drifting buoys, manned Soviet North Pole (NP) drifting ice stations, coastal land weather stations, and ship reports. In processing the POLES data, the winter and summer properties of the mean NP temperatures are used to discard inaccurate or snow-covered buoys and to remove a summer warm bias. Comparison of the POLES and specific NP temperatures shows that the POLES temperature behaves well and gives better results than other gridded temperature datasets. Maps of the mean seasonal temperatures give realistic results consistent with other published estimates, and plots of the summer advance and retreat of the 0°C isotherm show the expected asymmetry between advance and retreat associated with the open water formation adjacent to the coasts. Also, comparison of the regional POLES observations of the annual onset of melt and freeze with published estimates derived from visible and passive microwave satellite data gives realistic results. However, problems with the dataset arise in the post-1991 period from the termination of the NP stations and a reduction in the number of Siberian and Alaskan weather stations. In spite of these problems, the paper shows that the POLES dataset provides an improved air temperature field for use in numerical sea ice models and for comparison with satellite datasets.

Corresponding author address: Dr. Seelye Martin, School of Oceanography, University of Washington, P.O. Box 357940, Seattle, WA 98195-7940.

Email: seelye@ocean.washington.edu

Save