Editorial Type:
Article
Article Type:
Research Article

Intercomparison of Near-Surface Temperature and Precipitation Extremes in AMIP-2 Simulations, Reanalyses, and Observations

Viatcheslav V. Kharin Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, Meteorological Service of Canada, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada

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Francis W. Zwiers Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, Meteorological Service of Canada, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada

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Xuebin Zhang Climate Monitoring and Data Interpretation Division, Meteorological Service of Canada, Downsview, Ontario, Canada

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Print Publication:
15 Dec 2005
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3597.1
Page(s):
5201–5223
Restricted access

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Abstract

The extremes of near-surface temperature and 24-h and 5-day mean precipitation rates are examined in simulations performed with atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) participating in the second phase of the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP-2). The extremes are evaluated in terms of 20-yr return values of annual extremes. The model results are validated against the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts and National Centers for Environmental Prediction reanalyses and station data. Precipitation extremes are also validated against the pentad dataset of the Global Precipitation Climatology Project, which is a blend of rain gauge observations, satellite data, and model output.

On the whole, the AGCMs appear to simulate temperature extremes reasonably well. Model disagreements are larger for cold extremes than for warm extremes, particularly in wet and cloudy regions, and over sea ice and snow-covered areas. Many models exhibit an exaggerated clustering behavior for temperatures near the freezing point of water. Precipitation extremes are less reliably reproduced by the models and reanalyses. The largest disagreements are found in the Tropics where the parameterizations of deep convection affect the simulated daily precipitation extremes.

Corresponding author address: Dr. Viatcheslav V. Kharin, Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, University of Victoria, Box 1800 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. Email: slava.kharin@ec.gc.ca

Abstract

The extremes of near-surface temperature and 24-h and 5-day mean precipitation rates are examined in simulations performed with atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) participating in the second phase of the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP-2). The extremes are evaluated in terms of 20-yr return values of annual extremes. The model results are validated against the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts and National Centers for Environmental Prediction reanalyses and station data. Precipitation extremes are also validated against the pentad dataset of the Global Precipitation Climatology Project, which is a blend of rain gauge observations, satellite data, and model output.

On the whole, the AGCMs appear to simulate temperature extremes reasonably well. Model disagreements are larger for cold extremes than for warm extremes, particularly in wet and cloudy regions, and over sea ice and snow-covered areas. Many models exhibit an exaggerated clustering behavior for temperatures near the freezing point of water. Precipitation extremes are less reliably reproduced by the models and reanalyses. The largest disagreements are found in the Tropics where the parameterizations of deep convection affect the simulated daily precipitation extremes.

Corresponding author address: Dr. Viatcheslav V. Kharin, Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, University of Victoria, Box 1800 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. Email: slava.kharin@ec.gc.ca

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