Editorial Type:
Article
Article Type:
Research Article

The Influence of ENSO on Decadal Variations in the Relationship between the East Asian and Western North Pacific Summer Monsoons

So-Young Yim School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea

Search for other papers by So-Young Yim in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Sang-Wook Yeh Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute, Ansan, South Korea

Search for other papers by Sang-Wook Yeh in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Renguang Wu Center for Ocean–Land–Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, Maryland

Search for other papers by Renguang Wu in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
, and
Jong-Ghap Jhun School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea

Search for other papers by Jong-Ghap Jhun in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
Print Publication:
01 Jul 2008
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1175/2007JCLI1948.1
Page(s):
3165–3179
Restricted access

Abstract

A recent study suggested that the relationship between the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and the western North Pacific summer monsoon (WNPSM) experienced a decadal change around 1993–94. Based on a longer-term integration of a hybrid coupled model, the present study investigates decadal variations in the relationship between the EASM and the WNPSM. Apparent decadal variations in the above relationship have been identified in the model simulation.

The authors have analyzed the spatial pattern and variability during strong and weak EASM–WNPSM correlation periods. The purpose of this study is to understand potential reasons for decadal variations in the relationship between the two submonsoons. It is found that the precipitation variability associated with the WNPSM (ENSO) is enhanced over the East Asia and western North Pacific regions during periods when the EASM–WNPSM relationship is strong (weak). The large variability in precipitation associated with the WNPSM during strong periods strengthens the Pacific–Japan-like atmospheric teleconnection from the tropical western Pacific. In contrast, the Pacific–Japan-like pattern is not significant during weak periods. On the other hand, the large ENSO amplitude during weak periods results in an enhanced precipitation variability associated with ENSO. The results suggest that ENSO can destructively interfere with the relationship between the EASM and the WNPSM.

Corresponding author address: Sang-Wook Yeh, Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute, 1270 Sa-2-dong, Ansan, 426-744, South Korea. Email: swyeh@kordi.re.kr

Abstract

A recent study suggested that the relationship between the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and the western North Pacific summer monsoon (WNPSM) experienced a decadal change around 1993–94. Based on a longer-term integration of a hybrid coupled model, the present study investigates decadal variations in the relationship between the EASM and the WNPSM. Apparent decadal variations in the above relationship have been identified in the model simulation.

The authors have analyzed the spatial pattern and variability during strong and weak EASM–WNPSM correlation periods. The purpose of this study is to understand potential reasons for decadal variations in the relationship between the two submonsoons. It is found that the precipitation variability associated with the WNPSM (ENSO) is enhanced over the East Asia and western North Pacific regions during periods when the EASM–WNPSM relationship is strong (weak). The large variability in precipitation associated with the WNPSM during strong periods strengthens the Pacific–Japan-like atmospheric teleconnection from the tropical western Pacific. In contrast, the Pacific–Japan-like pattern is not significant during weak periods. On the other hand, the large ENSO amplitude during weak periods results in an enhanced precipitation variability associated with ENSO. The results suggest that ENSO can destructively interfere with the relationship between the EASM and the WNPSM.

Corresponding author address: Sang-Wook Yeh, Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute, 1270 Sa-2-dong, Ansan, 426-744, South Korea. Email: swyeh@kordi.re.kr

Save
Cover Journal of Climate
Journal of Climate

  • Chang, C-P., Y. Zhang, and T. Li, 2000: Interannual and interdecadal variations of the East Asian summer monsoon and tropical Pacific SSTs. Part I: Roles of the subtropical ridge. J. Climate, 13 , 4310–4325.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Chen, L-X., M. Dong, and Y-N. Shao, 1992: The characteristics of interannual variations on the East Asian monsoon. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 70 , 397–421.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Gershunov, A., N. Schneider, and T. P. Barnett, 2001: Low-frequency modulation of the ENSO–Indian monsoon rainfall relationship: Signal and noise? J. Climate, 14 , 2486–2492.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Graham, N. E., 1994: Decadal-scale climate variability in the tropical and North Pacific during the 1970s and 1980s: Observations and model results. Climate Dyn., 10 , 135–162.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Huang, B., and J. Shukla, 1997: Characteristics of the interannual and decadal variability in a general circulation model of the tropical Atlantic Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 27 , 1693–1712.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Huang, R. H., and Y-F. Wu, 1989: The influence of ENSO on the summer climate change in China and its mechanism. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 6 , 21–32.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Huang, R. H., and F. Sun, 1992: Impacts of the tropical western Pacific on the East Asian summer monsoon. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 70 , 243–256.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Kalnay, E., and Coauthors, 1996: The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77 , 437–471.

  • Kang, I-S., and Coauthors, 2002: Intercomparison of atmospheric GCM simulated anomalies associated with the 1997/98 El Niño. J. Climate, 15 , 2791–2805.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Kim, J-K., I-S. Kang, and C-H. Ho, 1998: East Asian summer monsoon simulated by the Seoul National University GCM. Proc. Int. Conf. on Monsoon and Hydrologic Cycle, Kyongju, South Korea, Korean Meteorological Society, 227–231.

  • Kirtman, B. P., and S. Zebiak, 1997: ENSO simulation and prediction with a hybrid coupled model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125 , 2620–2641.

  • Kripalani, R. H., and A. Kulkarni, 2001: Monsoon rainfall variations and teleconnections over South and East Asia. Int. J. Climatol., 21 , 603–616.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Krishnamurti, T. N., 1985: Summer monsoon experiment—A review. Mon. Wea. Rev., 113 , 1590–1626.

  • Krishnan, R., and M. Sugi, 2001: Baiu rainfall variability and associated monsoon teleconnection. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 79 , 851–860.

  • Kwon, M., J-G. Jhun, B. Wang, S-I. An, and J-S. Kug, 2005: Decadal change in relationship between east Asian and WNP summer monsoons. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32 .L16709, doi:10.1029/2005GL023026.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Lau, K-M., and H. Weng, 2001: Coherent modes of global SST and summer rainfall over China: An assessment of the regional impacts of the 1997–98 El Niño. J. Climate, 14 , 1294–1308.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Lau, K-M., K-M. Kim, and S. Yang, 2000: Dynamical and boundary forcing characteristics of regional components of the Asian summer monsoon. J. Climate, 13 , 2461–2482.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Lee, E-J., J-G. Jhun, and C-K. Park, 2005: Remote connection of the northeast Asian summer rainfall variation revealed by a newly defined monsoon index. J. Climate, 18 , 4381–4393.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Lee, E-J., S-W. Yeh, J-G. Jhun, and B-K. Moon, 2006: Seasonal change in anomalous WNPSH associated with the strong East Asian summer monsoon. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33 .L21702, doi:10.1029/2006GL027474.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Liu, Y., and Y. H. Ding, 1992: Influence of El Niño on weather and climate in China. Acta Meteor. Sin., 6 , 117–131.

  • Lu, R., 2004: Associations among the components of the East Asian summer monsoon system in the meridional direction. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 82 , 155–165.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Murakami, T., and J. Matsumoto, 1994: Summer monsoon over the Asian continent and the western North Pacific. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 72 , 719–745.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • New, M., M. Hulme, and P. D. Jones, 2000: Representing twentiethcentury space–time climate variability. Part II: Development of 1901–96 monthly grids of terrestrial surface climate. J. Climate, 12 , 2217–2238.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Nitta, T., 1986: Long term variations of cloud amount in the western Pacific region. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 64 , 373–390.

  • Nitta, T., 1987: Convective activities in the tropical western Pacific and their impact on the Northern Hemisphere summer circulation. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 65 , 373–390.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • North, G. R., T. L. Bell, R. F. Cahalan, and F. J. Moeng, 1982: Sampling errors in the estimation of empirical orthogonal functions. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110 , 699–706.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Numaguti, A., M. Takahashi, T. Nakajima, and A. Sumi, 1995: Development of an atmospheric general circulation model. Climate System Dynamics and Modelling, Vols. 1–3, T. Matsuno, Ed., University of Tokyo, 1–27.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Shen, S-H., and K-M. Lau, 1995: Biennial oscillation associated with the East Asian summer monsoon and tropical sea surface temperature. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 73 , 105–124.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Smith, T. M., and R. W. Reynolds, 2004: Improved extended reconstruction of SST (1854–1997). J. Climate, 17 , 2466–2477.

  • Tao, S., and L. Chen, 1987: A review of recent research on the East Asia summer monsoon in China. Monsoon Meteorology, C.-P. Chang and T. N. Krishnamurti, Eds., Clarendon Press, 60–92.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Terray, P., P. Delecluse, S. Labattu, and L. Terray, 2003: Sea surface temperature associations with the late Indian summer monsoon. Climate Dyn., 21 , 593–618.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Wang, B., and Y. Wang, 1996: Temporal structure of the Southern Oscillation as revealed by waveform and wavelet analysis. J. Climate, 9 , 1586–1598.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Wang, B., and X. Xu, 1997: Northern Hemisphere summer monsoon singularities and climatological intraseasonal oscillation. J. Climate, 10 , 1071–1085.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Wang, B., and Z. Fan, 1999: Choice of south Asian summer monsoon indices. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 80 , 629–638.

  • Wang, B., and LinHo, 2002: Rainy season of the Asian–Pacific summer monsoon. J. Climate, 15 , 386–398.

  • Wang, B., R. Wu, and X. Fu, 2000: Pacific–East Asian teleconnection: How does ENSO affect East Asian climate? J. Climate, 13 , 1517–1536.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Wang, B., R. Wu, and K-M. Lau, 2001: Interannual variability of the Asian summer monsoon: Contrasts between the Indian and the western North Pacific–East Asian monsoons. J. Climate, 14 , 4073–4090.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Wang, B., R. Wu, and T. Li, 2003: Atmosphere–warm ocean interaction and its impacts on the Asian–Australian monsoon variation. J. Climate, 16 , 1195–1211.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Wu, R., and B. Wang, 2000: Interannual variability of summer monsoon onset over the western North Pacific and the underlying processes. J. Climate, 13 , 2483–2501.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Wu, R., and B. Wang, 2002: A contrast of the East Asian summer monsoon–ENSO relationship between 1962–77 and 1978–93. J. Climate, 15 , 3266–3279.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Wu, R., Z-Z. Hu, and B. P. Kirtman, 2003: Evolution of ENSO-related rainfall anomalies in East Asia. J. Climate, 16 , 3742–3758.

  • Xie, P., and P. A. Arkin, 1997: Global precipitation: A 17-year monthly analysis based on gauge observations, satellite estimates, and numerical model outputs. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 78 , 2539–2558.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Xie, S-P., and K. Saito, 2001: Formation and variability of a northerly ITCZ in a hybrid coupled AGCM: Continental forcing and oceanic–atmospheric feedback. J. Climate, 14 , 1262–1276.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Yeh, S-W., 2001: Dynamical impacts of atmospheric and oceanic modes on the ENSO variability: Modeling and theory. Ph.D. dissertation, Seoul National University, 152 pp.

  • Yeh, S-W., J-G. Jhun, I-S. Kang, and B. P. Kirtman, 2004: The decadal ENSO variability in a hybrid coupled model. J. Climate, 17 , 1225–1238.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Yoo, S-H., C-H. Ho, S. Yang, H-J. Choi, and J-G. Jhun, 2004: Influences of tropical western and extratropical Pacific SST on east and southeast Asian climate in the summers of 1993–94. J. Climate, 17 , 2673–2687.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Zebiak, S. E., and M. A. Cane, 1987: A model El Niño–Southern Oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115 , 2262–2278.

  • Zhang, R., A. Sumi, and M. Kimoto, 1996: Impact of El Niño on the East Asian monsoon: A diagnostic study of the ’86/87 and ’91/92 events. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 74 , 49–62.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
All Time Past Year Past 30 Days
Abstract Views 0 0 0
Full Text Views 514 268 38
PDF Downloads 208 74 13