Editorial Type:
Article
Article Type:
Research Article

Vegetation Feedbacks to Climate in the Global Monsoon Regions

Michael Notaro Center for Climatic Research, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin

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Guangshan Chen Center for Climatic Research, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin

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Zhengyu Liu Center for Climatic Research, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin

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Print Publication:
15 Nov 2011
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1175/2011JCLI4237.1
Page(s):
5740–5756
Restricted access

Abstract

Vegetation feedbacks on climate, on the subannual time scale, are examined across six monsoon regions with a fully coupled atmosphere–ocean–ice–land model with dynamic vegetation. Initial value ensemble experiments are run in which the total vegetation cover fraction across the six monsoon regions is reduced and the climatic response assessed. Consistent responses among the regions include reductions in leaf area index, turbulent fluxes, and atmospheric moisture; enhanced subsidence; and increases in ground and surface air temperature. The most distinct changes in vertical motion, precipitable water, and precipitation occur along the flanks of the monsoon season, with small changes in midmonsoon rainfall. Unique responses to reduced vegetation cover are noted among the monsoon regions. While the monsoon is delayed and weaker over north Australia owing to diminished leaf area, it occurs earlier over China and the southwest United States. The subtropical monsoon regions are characterized by a larger decrease in sensible heat than latent heat flux, while the opposite is true for tropical monsoon regions. North Australia experiences the most substantial decline in both moisture flux convergence and precipitation.

Nelson Institute Center for Climatic Research Publication Number 1010.

Corresponding author address: Michael Notaro, Center for Climatic Research, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1225 West Dayton Street, Madison, WI 53706. E-mail: mnotaro@wisc.edu

Abstract

Vegetation feedbacks on climate, on the subannual time scale, are examined across six monsoon regions with a fully coupled atmosphere–ocean–ice–land model with dynamic vegetation. Initial value ensemble experiments are run in which the total vegetation cover fraction across the six monsoon regions is reduced and the climatic response assessed. Consistent responses among the regions include reductions in leaf area index, turbulent fluxes, and atmospheric moisture; enhanced subsidence; and increases in ground and surface air temperature. The most distinct changes in vertical motion, precipitable water, and precipitation occur along the flanks of the monsoon season, with small changes in midmonsoon rainfall. Unique responses to reduced vegetation cover are noted among the monsoon regions. While the monsoon is delayed and weaker over north Australia owing to diminished leaf area, it occurs earlier over China and the southwest United States. The subtropical monsoon regions are characterized by a larger decrease in sensible heat than latent heat flux, while the opposite is true for tropical monsoon regions. North Australia experiences the most substantial decline in both moisture flux convergence and precipitation.

Nelson Institute Center for Climatic Research Publication Number 1010.

Corresponding author address: Michael Notaro, Center for Climatic Research, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1225 West Dayton Street, Madison, WI 53706. E-mail: mnotaro@wisc.edu
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