Smerdon, J. E., A. Kaplan, D. Chang, and M. N. Evans, 2010: A pseudoproxy evaluation of the CCA and RegEM methods for reconstructing climate fields of the last millennium. J. Climate, 23 , 4856–4880.

Smerdon, J. E., A. Kaplan, D. Chang, and M. N. Evans, 2010: A pseudoproxy evaluation of the CCA and RegEM methods for reconstructing climate fields of the last millennium. J. Climate, 23, 4856–4880.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Ammann, C., and E. Wahl, 2007: The importance of the geophysical context in statistical evaluations of climate reconstruction procedures. Climatic Change, 85 , 71–88.

Ammann, C., and E. Wahl, 2007: The importance of the geophysical context in statistical evaluations of climate reconstruction procedures. Climatic Change, 85, 71–88.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Ammann, C., F. Joos, D. S. Schimel, B. L. Otto-Bliesner, and R. A. Tomas, 2007: Solar influence on climate during the past millennium: Results from transient simulations with the NCAR Climate System Model. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104 , 3713–3718.

Ammann, C., F. Joos, D. S. Schimel, B. L. Otto-Bliesner, and R. A. Tomas, 2007: Solar influence on climate during the past millennium: Results from transient simulations with the NCAR Climate System Model. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104, 3713–3718.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Anchukaitis, K. J., M. N. Evans, A. Kaplan, E. A. Vaganov, M. K. Hughes, H. D. Grissino-Mayer, and M. A. Cane, 2006: Forward modeling of regional scale tree-ring patterns in the southeastern United States and the recent influence of summer drought. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33 , L04705. doi:10.1029/2005GL025050.

Anchukaitis, K. J., M. N. Evans, A. Kaplan, E. A. Vaganov, M. K. Hughes, H. D. Grissino-Mayer, and M. A. Cane, 2006: Forward modeling of regional scale tree-ring patterns in the southeastern United States and the recent influence of summer drought. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L04705. doi:10.1029/2005GL025050.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Anderson, T. W., 1984: An Introduction to Multivariate Statistical Analysis. 2nd ed. Wiley-Interscience, 704 pp.

Anderson, T. W., 1984: An Introduction to Multivariate Statistical Analysis. 2nd ed. Wiley-Interscience, 704 pp.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Barnett, T., and R. Preisendorfer, 1987: Origins and levels of monthly and seasonal forecast skill for United States surface air temperature determined by canonical correlation analysis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115 , 1825–1850.

Barnett, T., and R. Preisendorfer, 1987: Origins and levels of monthly and seasonal forecast skill for United States surface air temperature determined by canonical correlation analysis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 1825–1850.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Beltrami, H., 2002: Climate from borehole data: Energy fluxes and temperatures since 1500. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29 , 2111. doi:10.1029/2002GL015702.

Beltrami, H., 2002: Climate from borehole data: Energy fluxes and temperatures since 1500. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 2111. doi:10.1029/2002GL015702.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Bradley, R. S., M. K. Hughes, and H. F. Diaz, 2003: Climate in medieval time. Science, 302 , 404–405.

Bradley, R. S., M. K. Hughes, and H. F. Diaz, 2003: Climate in medieval time. Science, 302, 404–405.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Bretherton, C., C. Smith, and J. M. Wallace, 1992: An intercomparison of methods for finding coupled patterns in climate data. J. Climate, 5 , 541–560.

Bretherton, C., C. Smith, and J. M. Wallace, 1992: An intercomparison of methods for finding coupled patterns in climate data. J. Climate, 5, 541–560.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Briffa, K. R., 2000: Annual climate variability in the Holocene: Interpreting the message of ancient trees. Quat. Sci. Rev., 19 , 87–105.

Briffa, K. R., 2000: Annual climate variability in the Holocene: Interpreting the message of ancient trees. Quat. Sci. Rev., 19, 87–105.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Briffa, K. R., and T. J. Osborn, 2002: Blowing hot and cold. Science, 295 , 2227–2228.

Briffa, K. R., and T. J. Osborn, 2002: Blowing hot and cold. Science, 295, 2227–2228.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Briffa, K. R., T. J. Osborn, F. H. Schweingruber, I. C. Harris, P. D. Jones, S. G. Shiyatov, and E. A. Vagano, 2001: Low-frequency temperature variations from a northern tree ring density network. J. Geophys. Res., 106 , 2929–2941.

Briffa, K. R., T. J. Osborn, F. H. Schweingruber, I. C. Harris, P. D. Jones, S. G. Shiyatov, and E. A. Vagano, 2001: Low-frequency temperature variations from a northern tree ring density network. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 2929–2941.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Broecker, W. S., 2001: Paleoclimate: Was the medieval warm period global? Science, 291 , 1497–1499.

Broecker, W. S., 2001: Paleoclimate: Was the medieval warm period global? Science, 291, 1497–1499.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Bürger, G., and U. Cubasch, 2005: Are multiproxy climate reconstructions robust? Geophys. Res. Lett., 32 , L23711. doi:10.1029/2005GL024155.

Bürger, G., and U. Cubasch, 2005: Are multiproxy climate reconstructions robust? Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L23711. doi:10.1029/2005GL024155.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Bürger, G., I. Fast, and U. Cubasch, 2006: Climate reconstruction by regression. Tellus, 58A , 227–235.

Bürger, G., I. Fast, and U. Cubasch, 2006: Climate reconstruction by regression. Tellus, 58A, 227–235.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Casty, C., D. Handorf, and M. Sempf, 2005: Combined winter climate regimes over the North Atlantic/European sector 1766–2000. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32 , L13801. doi:10.1029/2005GL022431.

Casty, C., D. Handorf, and M. Sempf, 2005: Combined winter climate regimes over the North Atlantic/European sector 1766–2000. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L13801. doi:10.1029/2005GL022431.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Cherry, S., 1996: Singular value decomposition analysis and canonical correlation analysis. J. Climate, 9 , 2003–2009.

Cherry, S., 1996: Singular value decomposition analysis and canonical correlation analysis. J. Climate, 9, 2003–2009.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Christiansen, B., T. Schmith, and P. Thejll, 2009: A surrogate ensemble study of climate reconstruction methods: Stochasticity and robustness. J. Climate, 22 , 951–976.

Christiansen, B., T. Schmith, and P. Thejll, 2009: A surrogate ensemble study of climate reconstruction methods: Stochasticity and robustness. J. Climate, 22, 951–976.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Christiansen, B., T. Schmith, and P. Thejll, 2010: Reply. J. Climate, 23 , 2839–2844.

Christiansen, B., T. Schmith, and P. Thejll, 2010: Reply. J. Climate, 23, 2839–2844.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Cook, E. R., K. R. Briffa, and P. D. Jones, 1994: Spatial regression methods in dendroclimatology: A review and comparison of two techniques. Int. J. Climatol., 14 , 379–402.

Cook, E. R., K. R. Briffa, and P. D. Jones, 1994: Spatial regression methods in dendroclimatology: A review and comparison of two techniques. Int. J. Climatol., 14, 379–402.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Cook, E. R., J. Esper, and R. D’Arrigo, 2004: Extra-tropical Northern Hemisphere land temperature variability over the past 1000 years. Quat. Sci. Rev., 23 , 2063–2074.

Cook, E. R., J. Esper, and R. D’Arrigo, 2004: Extra-tropical Northern Hemisphere land temperature variability over the past 1000 years. Quat. Sci. Rev., 23, 2063–2074.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Crowley, T. J., and T. S. Lowery, 2000: How warm was the medieval warm period? Ambio, 29 , 51–54.

Crowley, T. J., and T. S. Lowery, 2000: How warm was the medieval warm period? Ambio, 29, 51–54.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

D’Arrigo, R., R. Wilson, and G. Jacoby, 2006: On the long-term context for late twentieth century warming. J. Geophys. Res., 111 , D03103. doi:10.1029/2005JD006352.

D’Arrigo, R., R. Wilson, and G. Jacoby, 2006: On the long-term context for late twentieth century warming. J. Geophys. Res., 111, D03103. doi:10.1029/2005JD006352.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

D’Arrigo, R., R. Wilson, and A. Tudhope, 2009: The impact of volcanic forcing on tropical temperatures during the past four centuries. Nat. Geosci., 2 , 51–56.

D’Arrigo, R., R. Wilson, and A. Tudhope, 2009: The impact of volcanic forcing on tropical temperatures during the past four centuries. Nat. Geosci., 2, 51–56.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Esper, J., E. R. Cook, and F. H. Schweingruber, 2002: Low-frequency signals in long tree-ring chronologies for reconstructing past temperature variability. Science, 295 , 2250–2253.

Esper, J., E. R. Cook, and F. H. Schweingruber, 2002: Low-frequency signals in long tree-ring chronologies for reconstructing past temperature variability. Science, 295, 2250–2253.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Esper, J., D. C. Frank, R. J. S. Wilson, and K. R. Briffa, 2005: Effect of scaling and regression on reconstructed temperature amplitude for the past millennium. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32 , L07711. doi:10.1029/2004GL021236.

Esper, J., D. C. Frank, R. J. S. Wilson, and K. R. Briffa, 2005: Effect of scaling and regression on reconstructed temperature amplitude for the past millennium. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L07711. doi:10.1029/2004GL021236.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Evans, M. N., A. Kaplan, M. A. Cane, and R. Villalba, 2001: Globality and optimality in climate field reconstructions from proxy data. Present and Past Inter-Hemispheric Linkages in the Americas and Their Societal Effects, V. Markgraf, Ed., Cambridge University Press, 53–72.

Evans, M. N., A. Kaplan, M. A. Cane, and R. Villalba, 2001: Globality and optimality in climate field reconstructions from proxy data. Present and Past Inter-Hemispheric Linkages in the Americas and Their Societal Effects, V. Markgraf, Ed., Cambridge University Press, 53–72.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Evans, M. N., A. Kaplan, and M. A. Cane, 2002: Pacific sea surface temperature field reconstruction from coral δ18O data using reduced space objective analysis. Paleoceanography, 17 , 1007. doi:10.1029/2000PA000590.

Evans, M. N., A. Kaplan, and M. A. Cane, 2002: Pacific sea surface temperature field reconstruction from coral δ¹⁸O data using reduced space objective analysis. Paleoceanography, 17, 1007. doi:10.1029/2000PA000590.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Evans, M. N., B. K. Reichert, A. Kaplan, K. J. Anchukaitis, E. A. Vaganov, M. K. Hughes, and M. A. Cane, 2006: A forward modeling approach to paleoclimatic interpretation of tree-ring data. J. Geophys. Res., 111 , G03008. doi:10.1029/2006JG000166.

Evans, M. N., B. K. Reichert, A. Kaplan, K. J. Anchukaitis, E. A. Vaganov, M. K. Hughes, and M. A. Cane, 2006: A forward modeling approach to paleoclimatic interpretation of tree-ring data. J. Geophys. Res., 111, G03008. doi:10.1029/2006JG000166.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Folland, C. K., and Coauthors 2001: Observed climate variability and change. Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis, J. T. Houghton et al., Eds., Cambridge University Press, 99–181.

Folland, C. K., and Coauthors2001: Observed climate variability and change. Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis, J. T. Houghton et al., Eds., Cambridge University Press, 99–181.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Fritts, H. C., T. J. Blasing, B. P. Hayden, and J. E. Kutzbach, 1971: Multivariate techniques for specifying tree-growth and climate relationships and for reconstructing anomalies in paleoclimate. J. Appl. Meteor., 10 , 845–864.

Fritts, H. C., T. J. Blasing, B. P. Hayden, and J. E. Kutzbach, 1971: Multivariate techniques for specifying tree-growth and climate relationships and for reconstructing anomalies in paleoclimate. J. Appl. Meteor., 10, 845–864.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Golub, G. H., and C. F. Van Loan, 1996: Matrix Computations. 3rd ed. The Johns Hopkins University Press, 694 pp.

Golub, G. H., and C. F. Van Loan, 1996: Matrix Computations. 3rd ed. The Johns Hopkins University Press, 694 pp.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

González-Rouco, F., H. von Storch, and E. Zorita, 2003: Deep soil temperature as proxy for surface air-temperature in a coupled model simulation of the last thousand years. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30 , 2116. doi:10.1029/2003GL018264.

González-Rouco, F., H. von Storch, and E. Zorita, 2003: Deep soil temperature as proxy for surface air-temperature in a coupled model simulation of the last thousand years. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 2116. doi:10.1029/2003GL018264.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

González-Rouco, J. F., H. Beltrami, E. Zorita, and H. von Storch, 2006: Simulation and inversion of borehole temperature profiles in surrogate climates: Spatial distribution and surface coupling. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33 , L01703. doi:10.1029/2005GL024693.

González-Rouco, J. F., H. Beltrami, E. Zorita, and H. von Storch, 2006: Simulation and inversion of borehole temperature profiles in surrogate climates: Spatial distribution and surface coupling. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L01703. doi:10.1029/2005GL024693.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Groveman, B. S., and H. E. Landsberg, 1979: Simulated Northern Hemisphere temperature departures 1579–1880. Geophys. Res. Lett., 6 , 767–770.

Groveman, B. S., and H. E. Landsberg, 1979: Simulated Northern Hemisphere temperature departures 1579–1880. Geophys. Res. Lett., 6, 767–770.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Harris, R. N., and D. S. Chapman, 2001: Mid-latitude (30°N–60°N) climatic warming inferred by combining borehole temperatures with surface air temperatures. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28 , 747–750.

Harris, R. N., and D. S. Chapman, 2001: Mid-latitude (30°N–60°N) climatic warming inferred by combining borehole temperatures with surface air temperatures. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 747–750.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Hegerl, G. C., T. Crowley, M. Allen, W. T. Hyde, H. Pollack, J. Smerdon, and E. Zorita, 2007: Detection of human influence on a new 1500-yr climate reconstruction. J. Climate, 20 , 650–666.

Hegerl, G. C., T. Crowley, M. Allen, W. T. Hyde, H. Pollack, J. Smerdon, and E. Zorita, 2007: Detection of human influence on a new 1500-yr climate reconstruction. J. Climate, 20, 650–666.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Huang, S., H. N. Pollack, and P. Y. Shen, 2000: Temperature trends over the last five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures. Nature, 403 , 756–758.

Huang, S., H. N. Pollack, and P. Y. Shen, 2000: Temperature trends over the last five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures. Nature, 403, 756–758.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Hughes, M. K., and H. F. Diaz, 1994: Was there a medieval warm period, and if so, where and when? Climatic Change, 26 , 109–142.

Hughes, M. K., and H. F. Diaz, 1994: Was there a medieval warm period, and if so, where and when? Climatic Change, 26, 109–142.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Huybers, P., 2005: Comment on “Hockey Sticks, Principal Components, and Spurious Significance” by S. McIntyre and R. McKitrick. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32 , L20705. doi:10.1029/2005GL023395.

Huybers, P., 2005: Comment on “Hockey Sticks, Principal Components, and Spurious Significance” by S. McIntyre and R. McKitrick. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L20705. doi:10.1029/2005GL023395.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Jansen, E., and Coauthors, 2007: Palaeoclimate. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, S. Solomon et al., Eds., Cambridge University Press, 433–497.

Jansen, E., and Coauthors, 2007: Palaeoclimate. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, S. Solomon et al., Eds., Cambridge University Press, 433–497.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Jones, P. D., and M. E. Mann, 2004: Climate over past millennia. Rev. Geophys., 42 , RG2002. doi:10.1029/2003RG000143.

Jones, P. D., and M. E. Mann, 2004: Climate over past millennia. Rev. Geophys., 42, RG2002. doi:10.1029/2003RG000143.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Jones, P. D., K. R. Briffa, T. P. Barnett, and S. F. B. Tett, 1998: High-resolution palaeoclimatic records for the last millennium: Interpretation, integration and comparison with general circulation model control-run temperatures. Holocene, 8 , 455–471.

Jones, P. D., K. R. Briffa, T. P. Barnett, and S. F. B. Tett, 1998: High-resolution palaeoclimatic records for the last millennium: Interpretation, integration and comparison with general circulation model control-run temperatures. Holocene, 8, 455–471.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Jones, P. D., M. New, D. E. Parker, S. Martin, and J. G. Rigor, 1999: Surface air temperature and its changes over the past 150 years. Rev. Geophys., 37 , 173–199.

Jones, P. D., M. New, D. E. Parker, S. Martin, and J. G. Rigor, 1999: Surface air temperature and its changes over the past 150 years. Rev. Geophys., 37, 173–199.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Jones, P. D., and Coauthors, 2009: High-resolution paleoclimatology of the last millennium: A review of current status and future prospects. Holocene, 19 , 3–49.

Jones, P. D., and Coauthors, 2009: High-resolution paleoclimatology of the last millennium: A review of current status and future prospects. Holocene, 19, 3–49.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Küttel, M., J. Luterbacher, E. Zorita, E. Xoplaki, N. Riedwyl, and H. Wanner, 2007: Testing a European winter surface temperature reconstruction in a surrogate climate. Geophys. Res. Lett., 34 , L07710. doi:10.1029/2006GL027907.

Küttel, M., J. Luterbacher, E. Zorita, E. Xoplaki, N. Riedwyl, and H. Wanner, 2007: Testing a European winter surface temperature reconstruction in a surrogate climate. Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L07710. doi:10.1029/2006GL027907.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Lee, T. C. K., F. W. Zwiers, and M. Tsao, 2007: Evaluation of proxy-based millennial reconstruction methods. Climate Dyn., 31 , 263–281.

Lee, T. C. K., F. W. Zwiers, and M. Tsao, 2007: Evaluation of proxy-based millennial reconstruction methods. Climate Dyn., 31, 263–281.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Luterbacher, J., C. Schmutz, D. Gyalistras, E. Xoplaki, and H. Wanner, 1999: Reconstruction of monthly NAO and EU indices back to AD 1675. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26 , 2745–2748.

Luterbacher, J., C. Schmutz, D. Gyalistras, E. Xoplaki, and H. Wanner, 1999: Reconstruction of monthly NAO and EU indices back to AD 1675. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 2745–2748.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Luterbacher, J., and Coauthors, 2000: Reconstruction of monthly mean sea level pressure over Europe for the late Maunder Minimum period (1675–1715). Int. J. Climatol., 20 , 1049–1066.

Luterbacher, J., and Coauthors, 2000: Reconstruction of monthly mean sea level pressure over Europe for the late Maunder Minimum period (1675–1715). Int. J. Climatol., 20, 1049–1066.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Luterbacher, J., D. Dietrich, E. Xoplaki, M. Grosjean, and H. Wanner, 2004: European seasonal and annual temperature variability, trends, and extremes since 1500. Science, 303 , 1499–1503.

Luterbacher, J., D. Dietrich, E. Xoplaki, M. Grosjean, and H. Wanner, 2004: European seasonal and annual temperature variability, trends, and extremes since 1500. Science, 303, 1499–1503.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Mann, M. E., 2002: The value of multiple proxies. Science, 297 , 1481–1482.

Mann, M. E., 2002: The value of multiple proxies. Science, 297, 1481–1482.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Mann, M. E., and S. Rutherford, 2002: Climate reconstruction using ‘pseudoproxies’. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29 , 1501. doi:10.1029/2001GL014554.

Mann, M. E., and S. Rutherford, 2002: Climate reconstruction using ‘pseudoproxies’. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1501. doi:10.1029/2001GL014554.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Mann, M. E., R. S. Bradley, and M. K. Hughes, 1998: Global-scale temperature patterns and climate forcing over the past six centuries. Nature, 392 , 779–787.

Mann, M. E., R. S. Bradley, and M. K. Hughes, 1998: Global-scale temperature patterns and climate forcing over the past six centuries. Nature, 392, 779–787.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Mann, M. E., R. S. Bradley, and M. K. Hughes, 1999: Northern Hemisphere temperatures during the past millennium: Inferences, uncertainties, and limitations. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26 , 759–762.

Mann, M. E., R. S. Bradley, and M. K. Hughes, 1999: Northern Hemisphere temperatures during the past millennium: Inferences, uncertainties, and limitations. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 759–762.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Mann, M. E., and Coauthors, 2003: On past temperatures and anomalous late 20th-century warmth. Eos, Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, 84 , 256–258.

Mann, M. E., and Coauthors, 2003: On past temperatures and anomalous late 20th-century warmth. Eos, Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, 84, 256–258.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Mann, M. E., S. Rutherford, E. Wahl, and C. Ammann, 2005: Testing the fidelity of methods used in proxy-based reconstructions of past climate. J. Climate, 18 , 4097–4107.

Mann, M. E., S. Rutherford, E. Wahl, and C. Ammann, 2005: Testing the fidelity of methods used in proxy-based reconstructions of past climate. J. Climate, 18, 4097–4107.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Mann, M. E., S. Rutherford, E. Wahl, and C. Ammann, 2007a: Robustness of proxy-based climate field reconstruction methods. J. Geophys. Res., 112 , D12109. doi:10.1029/2006JD008272.

Mann, M. E., S. Rutherford, E. Wahl, and C. Ammann, 2007a: Robustness of proxy-based climate field reconstruction methods. J. Geophys. Res., 112, D12109. doi:10.1029/2006JD008272.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Mann, M. E., S. Rutherford, E. Wahl, and C. Ammann, 2007b: Reply. J. Climate, 20 , 3699–3703.

Mann, M. E., S. Rutherford, E. Wahl, and C. Ammann, 2007b: Reply. J. Climate, 20, 3699–3703.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Mann, M. E., S. Rutherford, E. Wahl, and C. Ammann, 2007c: Reply. J. Climate, 20 , 5671–5674.

Mann, M. E., S. Rutherford, E. Wahl, and C. Ammann, 2007c: Reply. J. Climate, 20, 5671–5674.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Mann, M. E., Z. Zhang, M. K. Hughes, R. S. Bradley, S. K. Miller, S. Rutherford, and F. Ni, 2008: Proxy-based reconstructions of hemispheric and global surface temperature variations over the past two millennia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 105 , 13252–13257.

Mann, M. E., Z. Zhang, M. K. Hughes, R. S. Bradley, S. K. Miller, S. Rutherford, and F. Ni, 2008: Proxy-based reconstructions of hemispheric and global surface temperature variations over the past two millennia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 105, 13252–13257.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Mann, M. E., and Coauthors, 2009: Global signatures and dynamical origins of the little ice age and the medieval climate anomaly. Science, 326 , 1256–1260.

Mann, M. E., and Coauthors, 2009: Global signatures and dynamical origins of the little ice age and the medieval climate anomaly. Science, 326, 1256–1260.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

McIntyre, S., and R. McKitrick, 2005: Hockey sticks, principal components, and spurious significance. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32 , L03710. doi:10.1029/2004GL021750.

McIntyre, S., and R. McKitrick, 2005: Hockey sticks, principal components, and spurious significance. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L03710. doi:10.1029/2004GL021750.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Moberg, A., D. M. Sonechkin, K. Holmgren, N. M. Datsenko, and W. Karlen, 2005: Highly variable Northern Hemisphere temperature reconstructed from low- and high-resolution proxy data. Nature, 433 , 613–617.

Moberg, A., D. M. Sonechkin, K. Holmgren, N. M. Datsenko, and W. Karlen, 2005: Highly variable Northern Hemisphere temperature reconstructed from low- and high-resolution proxy data. Nature, 433, 613–617.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Moberg, A., R. Mohammad, and T. Mauritsen, 2008: Analysis of the Moberg et al. (2005) hemispheric temperature reconstruction. Climate Dyn., 31 , 957–971.

Moberg, A., R. Mohammad, and T. Mauritsen, 2008: Analysis of the Moberg et al. (2005) hemispheric temperature reconstruction. Climate Dyn., 31, 957–971.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

North, G. R., and Coauthors, 2006: Surface Temperature Reconstructions for the Last 2000 Years. National Academies Press, 196 pp.

North, G. R., and Coauthors, 2006: Surface Temperature Reconstructions for the Last 2000 Years. National Academies Press, 196 pp.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Pauling, A., J. Luterbacher, and H. Wanner, 2003: Evaluation of proxies for European and North Atlantic temperature field reconstructions. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30 , 1787. doi:10.1029/2003GL017589.

Pauling, A., J. Luterbacher, and H. Wanner, 2003: Evaluation of proxies for European and North Atlantic temperature field reconstructions. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1787. doi:10.1029/2003GL017589.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Pauling, A., J. Luterbacher, C. Casty, and H. Wanner, 2006: Five hundred years of gridded high-resolution precipitation reconstructions over Europe and the connection to large-scale circulation. Climate Dyn., 26 , 387–405.

Pauling, A., J. Luterbacher, C. Casty, and H. Wanner, 2006: Five hundred years of gridded high-resolution precipitation reconstructions over Europe and the connection to large-scale circulation. Climate Dyn., 26, 387–405.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Pollack, H. N., and J. E. Smerdon, 2004: Borehole climate reconstructions: Spatial structure and hemispheric averages. J. Geophys. Res., 109 , D11106. doi:10.1029/2003JD004163.

Pollack, H. N., and J. E. Smerdon, 2004: Borehole climate reconstructions: Spatial structure and hemispheric averages. J. Geophys. Res., 109, D11106. doi:10.1029/2003JD004163.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Preisendorfer, R., F. Zwiers, and T. P. Barnett, 1981: Foundations of Principal Component Selection Rules. SIO Reference Series, No. 81-4, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 192 pp.

Preisendorfer, R., F. Zwiers, and T. P. Barnett, 1981: Foundations of Principal Component Selection Rules. SIO Reference Series, No. 81-4, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 192 pp.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Riedwyl, N., M. Küttel, J. Luterbacher, and H. Wanner, 2009: Comparison of climate field reconstruction techniques: Application to Europe. Climate Dyn., 32 , 381–395.

Riedwyl, N., M. Küttel, J. Luterbacher, and H. Wanner, 2009: Comparison of climate field reconstruction techniques: Application to Europe. Climate Dyn., 32, 381–395.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Rutherford, S., and M. E. Mann, 2004: Correction to “Optimal surface temperature reconstructions using terrestrial borehole data”. J. Geophys. Res., 109 , D11107. doi:10.1029/2003JD004290.

Rutherford, S., and M. E. Mann, 2004: Correction to “Optimal surface temperature reconstructions using terrestrial borehole data”. J. Geophys. Res., 109, D11107. doi:10.1029/2003JD004290.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Rutherford, S., M. E. Mann, T. J. Osborn, R. S. Bradley, K. R. Briffa, M. K. Hughes, and P. D. Jones, 2005: Proxy-based Northern Hemisphere surface temperature reconstructions: Sensitivity to methodology, predictor network, target season, and target domain. J. Climate, 18 , 2308–2329.

Rutherford, S., M. E. Mann, T. J. Osborn, R. S. Bradley, K. R. Briffa, M. K. Hughes, and P. D. Jones, 2005: Proxy-based Northern Hemisphere surface temperature reconstructions: Sensitivity to methodology, predictor network, target season, and target domain. J. Climate, 18, 2308–2329.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Rutherford, S., M. E. Mann, E. Wahl, and C. Ammann, 2008: Reply to comment by Jason E. Smerdon et al. on “Robustness of Proxy-Based Climate Field Reconstruction Methods”. J. Geophys. Res., 113 , D18107. doi:10.1029/2008JD009964.

Rutherford, S., M. E. Mann, E. Wahl, and C. Ammann, 2008: Reply to comment by Jason E. Smerdon et al. on “Robustness of Proxy-Based Climate Field Reconstruction Methods”. J. Geophys. Res., 113, D18107. doi:10.1029/2008JD009964.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Rutherford, S., M. E. Mann, C. M. Ammann, and E. R. Wahl, 2010: Comments on “A surrogate ensemble study of climate reconstruction methods: Stochasticity and robustness”. J. Climate, 23 , 2832–2838.

Rutherford, S., M. E. Mann, C. M. Ammann, and E. R. Wahl, 2010: Comments on “A surrogate ensemble study of climate reconstruction methods: Stochasticity and robustness”. J. Climate, 23, 2832–2838.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Schneider, T., 2001: Analysis of incomplete climate data: Estimation of mean values and covariance matrices and imputation of missing values. J. Climate, 14 , 853–887.

Schneider, T., 2001: Analysis of incomplete climate data: Estimation of mean values and covariance matrices and imputation of missing values. J. Climate, 14, 853–887.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Smerdon, J. E., and A. Kaplan, 2007: Comments on “Testing the fidelity of methods used in proxy-based reconstructions of past climate”: The role of the standardization interval. J. Climate, 20 , 5666–5670.

Smerdon, J. E., and A. Kaplan, 2007: Comments on “Testing the fidelity of methods used in proxy-based reconstructions of past climate”: The role of the standardization interval. J. Climate, 20, 5666–5670.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Smerdon, J. E., J. F. González-Rouco, and E. Zorita, 2008a: Comment on “Robustness of Proxy-Based Climate Field Reconstruction Methods” by Michael E. Mann et al. J. Geophys. Res., 113 , D18106. doi:10.1029/2007JD009542.

Smerdon, J. E., J. F. González-Rouco, and E. Zorita, 2008a: Comment on “Robustness of Proxy-Based Climate Field Reconstruction Methods” by Michael E. Mann et al. J. Geophys. Res., 113, D18106. doi:10.1029/2007JD009542.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Smerdon, J. E., A. Kaplan, and D. Chang, 2008b: On the standardization sensitivity of RegEM climate field reconstructions. J. Climate, 21 , 6710–6723.

Smerdon, J. E., A. Kaplan, and D. Chang, 2008b: On the standardization sensitivity of RegEM climate field reconstructions. J. Climate, 21, 6710–6723.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Smerdon, J. E., A. Kaplan, and D. E. Amrhein, 2010: Erroneous model field representations in multiple pseudoproxy studies: Corrections and Implications. J. Climate, 23 , 5548–5554.

Smerdon, J. E., A. Kaplan, and D. E. Amrhein, 2010: Erroneous model field representations in multiple pseudoproxy studies: Corrections and Implications. J. Climate, 23, 5548–5554.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Steig, E. J., D. P. Schneider, S. D. Rutherford, M. E. Mann, J. C. Comiso, and D. T. Shindell, 2009: Warming of the Antarctic ice sheet surface since the 1957 International Geophysical Year. Nature, 1457 , 459–463.

Steig, E. J., D. P. Schneider, S. D. Rutherford, M. E. Mann, J. C. Comiso, and D. T. Shindell, 2009: Warming of the Antarctic ice sheet surface since the 1957 International Geophysical Year. Nature, 1457, 459–463.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Tingley, M. P., and P. Huybers, 2010a: A Bayesian algorithm for reconstructing climate anomalies in space and time. Part I: Development and applications to paleoclimate reconstruction problems. J. Climate, 23 , 2759–2781.

Tingley, M. P., and P. Huybers, 2010a: A Bayesian algorithm for reconstructing climate anomalies in space and time. Part I: Development and applications to paleoclimate reconstruction problems. J. Climate, 23, 2759–2781.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Tingley, M. P., and P. Huybers, 2010b: A Bayesian algorithm for reconstructing climate anomalies in space and time. Part II: Comparison with the regularized expectation–maximization algorithm. J. Climate, 23 , 2782–2800.

Tingley, M. P., and P. Huybers, 2010b: A Bayesian algorithm for reconstructing climate anomalies in space and time. Part II: Comparison with the regularized expectation–maximization algorithm. J. Climate, 23, 2782–2800.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Tippett, M. K., M. Barlow, and B. Lyon, 2003: Statistical correction of central southwest Asia winter precipitation simulations. Int. J. Climatol., 23 , 1421–1433.

Tippett, M. K., M. Barlow, and B. Lyon, 2003: Statistical correction of central southwest Asia winter precipitation simulations. Int. J. Climatol., 23, 1421–1433.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Tippett, M. K., T. DelSole, S. J. Mason, and A. G. Barnston, 2008: Regression-based methods for finding coupled patterns. J. Climate, 21 , 4384–4398.

Tippett, M. K., T. DelSole, S. J. Mason, and A. G. Barnston, 2008: Regression-based methods for finding coupled patterns. J. Climate, 21, 4384–4398.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

von Storch, H., and F. W. Zwiers, 1999: Statistical Analysis in Climate Research. Cambridge University Press, 494 pp.

von Storch, H., and F. W. Zwiers, 1999: Statistical Analysis in Climate Research. Cambridge University Press, 494 pp.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

von Storch, H., and E. Zorita, 2005: Comment on “Hockey Sticks, Principal Components, and Spurious Significance” by S. McIntyre and R. McKitrick. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32 , L20701. doi:10.1029/2005GL022753.

von Storch, H., and E. Zorita, 2005: Comment on “Hockey Sticks, Principal Components, and Spurious Significance” by S. McIntyre and R. McKitrick. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L20701. doi:10.1029/2005GL022753.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

von Storch, H., E. Zorita, J. M. Jones, Y. Dimitriev, F. González-Rouco, and S. F. B. Tett, 2004: Reconstructing past climate from noisy data. Science, 306 , 679–682.

von Storch, H., E. Zorita, J. M. Jones, Y. Dimitriev, F. González-Rouco, and S. F. B. Tett, 2004: Reconstructing past climate from noisy data. Science, 306, 679–682.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

von Storch, H., E. Zorita, J. M. Jones, F. González-Rouco, and S. F. B. Tett, 2006: Response to comment on “Reconstructing Past Climate from Noisy Data”. Science, 312 , 529.

von Storch, H., E. Zorita, J. M. Jones, F. González-Rouco, and S. F. B. Tett, 2006: Response to comment on “Reconstructing Past Climate from Noisy Data”. Science, 312, 529.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Wahl, E. R., and C. M. Ammann, 2007: Robustness of the Mann, Bradley, Hughes reconstruction of surface temperatures: Examination of criticisms based on the nature and processing of proxy climate evidence. Climatic Change, 85 , 33–69.

Wahl, E. R., and C. M. Ammann, 2007: Robustness of the Mann, Bradley, Hughes reconstruction of surface temperatures: Examination of criticisms based on the nature and processing of proxy climate evidence. Climatic Change, 85, 33–69.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Wahl, E. R., D. M. Ritson, and C. M. Ammann, 2006: Comment on “Reconstructing Past Climate from Noisy Data”. Science, 312 , 529b.

Wahl, E. R., D. M. Ritson, and C. M. Ammann, 2006: Comment on “Reconstructing Past Climate from Noisy Data”. Science, 312, 529b.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Wilks, D. S., 1995: Statistical Methods in the Atmospheric Sciences. Academic Press, 467 pp.

Wilks, D. S., 1995: Statistical Methods in the Atmospheric Sciences. Academic Press, 467 pp.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation