Editorial Type:
Article
Article Type:
Research Article

Convective Activity over Africa and the Tropical Atlantic Inferred from 20 Years of Geostationary Meteosat Infrared Observations

Ralf Bennartz Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin

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Marc Schroeder Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring, Deutscher Wetterdienst, Offenbach, Germany

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Print Publication:
01 Jan 2012
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1175/2011JCLI3984.1
Page(s):
156–169
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Abstract

A 20-yr (1986–2005) time series of Meteosat Visible and Infrared Imager (MVIRI) geostationary infrared observations was used to study deep convection over Africa and the tropical Atlantic. The 20-yr time period is covered by six consecutive satellites (Meteosat-2–7). To correct for possible systematic differences between instruments on the different satellite platforms, a time series of Meteosat infrared observations over cloud-free ocean surfaces was compared to reanalysis-based radiative transfer results. Based on the comparison of simulations with observations, a homogenization was performed for the MVIRI infrared channel. The homogenized 20-yr dataset was then subjected to a tracking analysis for deep convection over Africa and the tropical Atlantic for the boreal summer months of July–September.

The mean state of convection as well as anomalies for high– and low–Sahel rainfall years were studied. Comparisons with the Global Precipitation Climatology Center’s (GPCC) rainfall estimates were performed for the Sahel region and interannual variability was evaluated comparing convection for the five driest and five wettest Sahel years. Results support earlier findings that precipitation in the Sahel region is strongly linked to the latitudinal position of the African Easterly Jet with deep convection being triggered more strongly if the jet is displaced northward. A relationship between the jet position and long-lived convective systems over the tropical Atlantic was found as well.

Corresponding author address: Ralf Bennartz, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706. E-mail: bennartz@aos.wisc.edu

Abstract

A 20-yr (1986–2005) time series of Meteosat Visible and Infrared Imager (MVIRI) geostationary infrared observations was used to study deep convection over Africa and the tropical Atlantic. The 20-yr time period is covered by six consecutive satellites (Meteosat-2–7). To correct for possible systematic differences between instruments on the different satellite platforms, a time series of Meteosat infrared observations over cloud-free ocean surfaces was compared to reanalysis-based radiative transfer results. Based on the comparison of simulations with observations, a homogenization was performed for the MVIRI infrared channel. The homogenized 20-yr dataset was then subjected to a tracking analysis for deep convection over Africa and the tropical Atlantic for the boreal summer months of July–September.

The mean state of convection as well as anomalies for high– and low–Sahel rainfall years were studied. Comparisons with the Global Precipitation Climatology Center’s (GPCC) rainfall estimates were performed for the Sahel region and interannual variability was evaluated comparing convection for the five driest and five wettest Sahel years. Results support earlier findings that precipitation in the Sahel region is strongly linked to the latitudinal position of the African Easterly Jet with deep convection being triggered more strongly if the jet is displaced northward. A relationship between the jet position and long-lived convective systems over the tropical Atlantic was found as well.

Corresponding author address: Ralf Bennartz, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706. E-mail: bennartz@aos.wisc.edu
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