Editorial Type:
Article
Article Type:
Research Article

Factors Associated with Decadal Variability in Great Plains Summertime Surface Temperatures

Scott J. Weaver NOAA/Climate Prediction Center, Camp Springs, Maryland

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Print Publication:
01 Jan 2013
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00713.1
Page(s):
343–350
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Abstract

Decadal variability of summertime Great Plains surface temperature is probed from the perspective of the Great Plains low-level jet (GPLLJ). GPLLJ variability modes 2 and 5 are shown to be most influential on the evolution and magnitude of Great Plains surface temperature anomalies over the latter half of the twentieth century, including the development of the summertime warming hole and are further linked to the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) and Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO), respectively. The connection between GPLLJ variability and Great Plains surface temperature is strongest when the PDO and AMO are oppositely phased, and in the case of the warming hole, a preference for a positive (negative) PDO (AMO).

The influence of remote SST variability on the central U.S. warming hole is broadly consistent with previous modeling studies. However, the pivotal role that GPLLJ variability plays in linking the hemispheric-wide SST variability (through the AMO and PDO) to the regional warming hole is an expanded and clarified perspective. These findings unify the results of recent studies from the U.S. Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR) Drought Working Group and have implications for decadal climate prediction efforts.

Corresponding author address: Dr. Scott J. Weaver, Climate Prediction Center, NOAA/NCEP/NWS, 5200 Auth Road, Rm. 605, Camp Springs, MD 20746. E-mail: scott.weaver@noaa.gov

Abstract

Decadal variability of summertime Great Plains surface temperature is probed from the perspective of the Great Plains low-level jet (GPLLJ). GPLLJ variability modes 2 and 5 are shown to be most influential on the evolution and magnitude of Great Plains surface temperature anomalies over the latter half of the twentieth century, including the development of the summertime warming hole and are further linked to the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) and Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO), respectively. The connection between GPLLJ variability and Great Plains surface temperature is strongest when the PDO and AMO are oppositely phased, and in the case of the warming hole, a preference for a positive (negative) PDO (AMO).

The influence of remote SST variability on the central U.S. warming hole is broadly consistent with previous modeling studies. However, the pivotal role that GPLLJ variability plays in linking the hemispheric-wide SST variability (through the AMO and PDO) to the regional warming hole is an expanded and clarified perspective. These findings unify the results of recent studies from the U.S. Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR) Drought Working Group and have implications for decadal climate prediction efforts.

Corresponding author address: Dr. Scott J. Weaver, Climate Prediction Center, NOAA/NCEP/NWS, 5200 Auth Road, Rm. 605, Camp Springs, MD 20746. E-mail: scott.weaver@noaa.gov
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