Editorial Type:
Article
Article Type:
Research Article

The Mean Climate of the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM4) in Forced SST and Fully Coupled Experiments

Richard B. Neale National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado

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Jadwiga Richter National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado

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Sungsu Park National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado

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Peter H. Lauritzen National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado

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Stephen J. Vavrus Center for Climatic Research, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin

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Philip J. Rasch Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington

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Minghua Zhang School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York

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Print Publication:
15 Jul 2013
Collections:
CCSM4/CESM1
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00236.1
Page(s):
5150–5168
Restricted access

Abstract

The Community Atmosphere Model, version 4 (CAM4), was released as part of the Community Climate System Model, version 4 (CCSM4). The finite volume (FV) dynamical core is now the default because of its superior transport and conservation properties. Deep convection parameterization changes include a dilute plume calculation of convective available potential energy (CAPE) and the introduction of convective momentum transport (CMT). An additional cloud fraction calculation is now performed following macrophysical state updates to provide improved thermodynamic consistency. A freeze-drying modification is further made to the cloud fraction calculation in very dry environments (e.g., the Arctic), where cloud fraction and cloud water values were often inconsistent in CAM3. In CAM4 the FV dynamical core further degrades the excessive trade-wind simulation, but reduces zonal stress errors at higher latitudes. Plume dilution alleviates much of the midtropospheric tropical dry biases and reduces the persistent monsoon precipitation biases over the Arabian Peninsula and the southern Indian Ocean. CMT reduces much of the excessive trade-wind biases in eastern ocean basins. CAM4 shows a global reduction in cloud fraction compared to CAM3, primarily as a result of the freeze-drying and improved cloud fraction equilibrium modifications. Regional climate feature improvements include the propagation of stationary waves from the Pacific into midlatitudes and the seasonal frequency of Northern Hemisphere blocking events. A 1° versus 2° horizontal resolution of the FV dynamical core exhibits superior improvements in regional climate features of precipitation and surface stress. Improvements in the fully coupled mean climate between CAM3 and CAM4 are also more substantial than in forced sea surface temperature (SST) simulations.

Corresponding author address: Dr. Richard B. Neale, National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307. E-mail: rneale@ucar.edu

This article is included in the CCSM4 Special Collection.

Abstract

The Community Atmosphere Model, version 4 (CAM4), was released as part of the Community Climate System Model, version 4 (CCSM4). The finite volume (FV) dynamical core is now the default because of its superior transport and conservation properties. Deep convection parameterization changes include a dilute plume calculation of convective available potential energy (CAPE) and the introduction of convective momentum transport (CMT). An additional cloud fraction calculation is now performed following macrophysical state updates to provide improved thermodynamic consistency. A freeze-drying modification is further made to the cloud fraction calculation in very dry environments (e.g., the Arctic), where cloud fraction and cloud water values were often inconsistent in CAM3. In CAM4 the FV dynamical core further degrades the excessive trade-wind simulation, but reduces zonal stress errors at higher latitudes. Plume dilution alleviates much of the midtropospheric tropical dry biases and reduces the persistent monsoon precipitation biases over the Arabian Peninsula and the southern Indian Ocean. CMT reduces much of the excessive trade-wind biases in eastern ocean basins. CAM4 shows a global reduction in cloud fraction compared to CAM3, primarily as a result of the freeze-drying and improved cloud fraction equilibrium modifications. Regional climate feature improvements include the propagation of stationary waves from the Pacific into midlatitudes and the seasonal frequency of Northern Hemisphere blocking events. A 1° versus 2° horizontal resolution of the FV dynamical core exhibits superior improvements in regional climate features of precipitation and surface stress. Improvements in the fully coupled mean climate between CAM3 and CAM4 are also more substantial than in forced sea surface temperature (SST) simulations.

Corresponding author address: Dr. Richard B. Neale, National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307. E-mail: rneale@ucar.edu

This article is included in the CCSM4 Special Collection.

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