Editorial Type:
Article
Article Type:
Research Article

Understanding Prediction Skill of Seasonal Mean Precipitation over the Tropics

Arun Kumar Climate Prediction Center, National Centers for Environmental Prediction, College Park, Maryland

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Mingyue Chen Climate Prediction Center, National Centers for Environmental Prediction, College Park, Maryland

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Wanqiu Wang Climate Prediction Center, National Centers for Environmental Prediction, College Park, Maryland

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Print Publication:
01 Aug 2013
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00731.1
Page(s):
5674–5681
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Abstract

The connection between the local SST and precipitation (SST–P) correlation and the prediction skill of precipitation on a seasonal time scale is investigated based on seasonal hindcasts from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2). The results demonstrate that there is good correspondence between the two: precipitation skill is generally high only over the regions where SST–P correlation is positive and is low where SST–P correlation is small or weakly negative. This result has fundamental implications for understanding the limits of precipitation predictability on seasonal time scale and helps explain spatial variations in the skill of seasonal mean precipitation. Over the regions where atmospheric variability drives the ocean variability (and consequently the local SST–P correlation is weakly negative), the inherently unpredictable nature of atmospheric variability leads to low predictability for seasonal precipitation. On the other hand, over the regions where slow time scale ocean variability drives the atmosphere (and the local SST–P correlation is large positive), the predictability of seasonal mean precipitation is also high.

Corresponding author address: Mingyue Chen, NOAA/Center for Weather and Climate Prediction, Room 3011, 5830 University Research Court, College Park, MD 20740. E-mail: mingyue.chen@noaa.gov

Abstract

The connection between the local SST and precipitation (SST–P) correlation and the prediction skill of precipitation on a seasonal time scale is investigated based on seasonal hindcasts from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2). The results demonstrate that there is good correspondence between the two: precipitation skill is generally high only over the regions where SST–P correlation is positive and is low where SST–P correlation is small or weakly negative. This result has fundamental implications for understanding the limits of precipitation predictability on seasonal time scale and helps explain spatial variations in the skill of seasonal mean precipitation. Over the regions where atmospheric variability drives the ocean variability (and consequently the local SST–P correlation is weakly negative), the inherently unpredictable nature of atmospheric variability leads to low predictability for seasonal precipitation. On the other hand, over the regions where slow time scale ocean variability drives the atmosphere (and the local SST–P correlation is large positive), the predictability of seasonal mean precipitation is also high.

Corresponding author address: Mingyue Chen, NOAA/Center for Weather and Climate Prediction, Room 3011, 5830 University Research Court, College Park, MD 20740. E-mail: mingyue.chen@noaa.gov
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