Editorial Type:
Article
Article Type:
Research Article

Climate Impacts of Land-Cover and Land-Use Changes in Tropical Islands under Conditions of Global Climate Change

Daniel E. Comarazamy NOAA/CREST Center, City College of New York, New York, New York

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Jorge E. González NOAA/Cooperative Remote Sensing Science and Technology Center (CREST), and Department of Mechanical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, New York

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Jeffrey C. Luvall Global Hydrology and Climate Center, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama

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Douglas L. Rickman Global Hydrology and Climate Center, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama

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Robert D. Bornstein Department of Meteorology and Climate, San Jose State University, San Jose, California

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Print Publication:
01 Mar 2013
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00087.1
Page(s):
1535–1550
Restricted access

Abstract

Land-cover and land-use (LCLU) changes have significant climate impacts in tropical coastal regions with the added complexity of occurring within the context of a warming climate. The individual and combined effects of these two factors in tropical islands are investigated by use of an integrated mesoscale atmospheric modeling approach, taking the northeastern region of Puerto Rico as the test case. To achieve this goal, an ensemble of climate simulations is performed, combining two LCLU and global warming scenarios. Reconstructed agricultural maps and sea surface temperatures form the past (1955–59) scenario, while the present (2000–04) scenario is supported with high-resolution remote sensing LCLU data. Here, the authors show that LCLU changes produced the largest near-surface (2-m AGL) air temperature differences over heavily urbanized regions and that these changes do not penetrate the boundary layer. The influence of the global warming signal induces a positive inland gradient of maximum temperature, possibly because of increased trade winds in the present climatology. These increased winds also generate convergence zones and convection that transport heat and moisture into the boundary layer. In terms of minimum temperatures, the global warming signal induces temperature increases along the coastal plains and inland lowlands.

Corresponding author address: Daniel E. Comarazamy, NOAA/CREST, T-107, Steinman Hall, 140th St. and Convent Ave., New York, NY 10031. E-mail: dcomarazamy@ccny.cuny.edu

Abstract

Land-cover and land-use (LCLU) changes have significant climate impacts in tropical coastal regions with the added complexity of occurring within the context of a warming climate. The individual and combined effects of these two factors in tropical islands are investigated by use of an integrated mesoscale atmospheric modeling approach, taking the northeastern region of Puerto Rico as the test case. To achieve this goal, an ensemble of climate simulations is performed, combining two LCLU and global warming scenarios. Reconstructed agricultural maps and sea surface temperatures form the past (1955–59) scenario, while the present (2000–04) scenario is supported with high-resolution remote sensing LCLU data. Here, the authors show that LCLU changes produced the largest near-surface (2-m AGL) air temperature differences over heavily urbanized regions and that these changes do not penetrate the boundary layer. The influence of the global warming signal induces a positive inland gradient of maximum temperature, possibly because of increased trade winds in the present climatology. These increased winds also generate convergence zones and convection that transport heat and moisture into the boundary layer. In terms of minimum temperatures, the global warming signal induces temperature increases along the coastal plains and inland lowlands.

Corresponding author address: Daniel E. Comarazamy, NOAA/CREST, T-107, Steinman Hall, 140th St. and Convent Ave., New York, NY 10031. E-mail: dcomarazamy@ccny.cuny.edu
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