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Article Type:
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Different Modes of Variability over the Tasman Sea: Implications for Regional Climate

Stefan Liess Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota

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Arjun Kumar Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota

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Peter K. Snyder Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota

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Jaya Kawale Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota

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Karsten Steinhaeuser Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota

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Frederick H. M. Semazzi Department of Marine Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina

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Auroop R. Ganguly Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts

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Nagiza F. Samatova ** Computer Science Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina

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Vipin Kumar Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota

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Print Publication:
15 Nov 2014
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00713.1
Page(s):
8466–8486
Restricted access

Abstract

A new approach is used to detect atmospheric teleconnections without being bound by orthogonality (such as empirical orthogonal functions). This method employs negative correlations in a global dataset to detect potential teleconnections. One teleconnection occurs between the Tasman Sea and the Southern Ocean. It is related to El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD), and the southern annular mode (SAM). This teleconnection is significantly correlated with SAM during austral summer, fall, and winter, with IOD during spring, and with ENSO in summer. It can thus be described as a hybrid between these modes. Given previously found relationships between IOD and ENSO, and IOD’s proximity to the teleconnection centers, correlations to IOD are generally stronger than to ENSO.

Increasing pressure over the Tasman Sea leads to higher (lower) surface temperature over eastern Australia (the southwestern Pacific) in all seasons and is related to reduced surface temperature over Wilkes Land and Adélie Land in Antarctica during fall and winter. Precipitation responses are generally negative over New Zealand. For one standard deviation of the teleconnection index, precipitation anomalies are positive over Australia in fall, negative over southern Australia in winter and spring, and negative over eastern Australia in summer. When doubling the threshold, the size of the anomalous high-pressure center increases and annual precipitation anomalies are negative over southeastern Australia and northern New Zealand. Eliassen–Palm fluxes quantify the seasonal dependence of SAM, ENSO, and IOD influences. Analysis of the dynamical interactions between these teleconnection patterns can improve prediction of seasonal temperature and precipitation patterns in Australia and New Zealand.

Supplemental information related to this paper is available at the Journals Online website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00713.s1.

Publisher’s Note: This article was revised on 12 November 2014 to correct a typographical error that appeared in the caption of Fig. 12.

Corresponding author address: Stefan Liess, Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108. E-mail: liess@umn.edu

Abstract

A new approach is used to detect atmospheric teleconnections without being bound by orthogonality (such as empirical orthogonal functions). This method employs negative correlations in a global dataset to detect potential teleconnections. One teleconnection occurs between the Tasman Sea and the Southern Ocean. It is related to El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD), and the southern annular mode (SAM). This teleconnection is significantly correlated with SAM during austral summer, fall, and winter, with IOD during spring, and with ENSO in summer. It can thus be described as a hybrid between these modes. Given previously found relationships between IOD and ENSO, and IOD’s proximity to the teleconnection centers, correlations to IOD are generally stronger than to ENSO.

Increasing pressure over the Tasman Sea leads to higher (lower) surface temperature over eastern Australia (the southwestern Pacific) in all seasons and is related to reduced surface temperature over Wilkes Land and Adélie Land in Antarctica during fall and winter. Precipitation responses are generally negative over New Zealand. For one standard deviation of the teleconnection index, precipitation anomalies are positive over Australia in fall, negative over southern Australia in winter and spring, and negative over eastern Australia in summer. When doubling the threshold, the size of the anomalous high-pressure center increases and annual precipitation anomalies are negative over southeastern Australia and northern New Zealand. Eliassen–Palm fluxes quantify the seasonal dependence of SAM, ENSO, and IOD influences. Analysis of the dynamical interactions between these teleconnection patterns can improve prediction of seasonal temperature and precipitation patterns in Australia and New Zealand.

Supplemental information related to this paper is available at the Journals Online website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00713.s1.

Publisher’s Note: This article was revised on 12 November 2014 to correct a typographical error that appeared in the caption of Fig. 12.

Corresponding author address: Stefan Liess, Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108. E-mail: liess@umn.edu

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