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Impacts on Ocean Heat from Transient Mesoscale Eddies in a Hierarchy of Climate Models

Stephen M. Griffies * NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey

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Michael Winton * NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey

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Whit G. Anderson * NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey

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Rusty Benson * NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey

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Thomas L. Delworth * NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey

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Carolina O. Dufour Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey

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John P. Dunne * NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey

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Paul Goddard Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona

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Adele K. Morrison Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey

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Anthony Rosati * NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey

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Andrew T. Wittenberg * NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey

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Jianjun Yin Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona

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Rong Zhang * NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey

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Print Publication:
01 Feb 2015
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00353.1
Page(s):
952–977
Restricted access

Abstract

The authors characterize impacts on heat in the ocean climate system from transient ocean mesoscale eddies. Their tool is a suite of centennial-scale 1990 radiatively forced numerical climate simulations from three GFDL coupled models comprising the Climate Model, version 2.0–Ocean (CM2-O), model suite. CM2-O models differ in their ocean resolution: CM2.6 uses a 0.1° ocean grid, CM2.5 uses an intermediate grid with 0.25° spacing, and CM2-1deg uses a nominal 1.0° grid.

Analysis of the ocean heat budget reveals that mesoscale eddies act to transport heat upward in a manner that partially compensates (or offsets) for the downward heat transport from the time-mean currents. Stronger vertical eddy heat transport in CM2.6 relative to CM2.5 accounts for the significantly smaller temperature drift in CM2.6. The mesoscale eddy parameterization used in CM2-1deg also imparts an upward heat transport, yet it differs systematically from that found in CM2.6. This analysis points to the fundamental role that ocean mesoscale features play in transient ocean heat uptake. In general, the more accurate simulation found in CM2.6 provides an argument for either including a rich representation of the ocean mesoscale in model simulations of the mean and transient climate or for employing parameterizations that faithfully reflect the role of eddies in both lateral and vertical heat transport.

Corresponding author address: Stephen M. Griffies, NOAA/GFDL, 201 Forrestal Rd., Princeton, NJ 08542. E-mail: stephen.griffies@noaa.gov

Abstract

The authors characterize impacts on heat in the ocean climate system from transient ocean mesoscale eddies. Their tool is a suite of centennial-scale 1990 radiatively forced numerical climate simulations from three GFDL coupled models comprising the Climate Model, version 2.0–Ocean (CM2-O), model suite. CM2-O models differ in their ocean resolution: CM2.6 uses a 0.1° ocean grid, CM2.5 uses an intermediate grid with 0.25° spacing, and CM2-1deg uses a nominal 1.0° grid.

Analysis of the ocean heat budget reveals that mesoscale eddies act to transport heat upward in a manner that partially compensates (or offsets) for the downward heat transport from the time-mean currents. Stronger vertical eddy heat transport in CM2.6 relative to CM2.5 accounts for the significantly smaller temperature drift in CM2.6. The mesoscale eddy parameterization used in CM2-1deg also imparts an upward heat transport, yet it differs systematically from that found in CM2.6. This analysis points to the fundamental role that ocean mesoscale features play in transient ocean heat uptake. In general, the more accurate simulation found in CM2.6 provides an argument for either including a rich representation of the ocean mesoscale in model simulations of the mean and transient climate or for employing parameterizations that faithfully reflect the role of eddies in both lateral and vertical heat transport.

Corresponding author address: Stephen M. Griffies, NOAA/GFDL, 201 Forrestal Rd., Princeton, NJ 08542. E-mail: stephen.griffies@noaa.gov
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