Editorial Type:
Article
Article Type:
Research Article

The MERRA-2 Aerosol Reanalysis, 1980 Onward. Part II: Evaluation and Case Studies

V. Buchard Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
Goddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research/Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, Maryland

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C. A. Randles Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland

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A. M. da Silva Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland

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A. Darmenov Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland

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P. R. Colarco Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland

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R. Govindaraju Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, Maryland

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R. Ferrare NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia

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J. Hair NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia

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A. J. Beyersdorf NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia

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L. D. Ziemba NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia

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H. Yu Climate and Radiation Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland

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Print Publication:
01 Sep 2017
Collections:
Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA-2)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0613.1
Page(s):
6851–6872
Restricted access

Abstract

The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2), is NASA’s latest reanalysis for the satellite era (1980 onward) using the Goddard Earth Observing System, version 5 (GEOS-5), Earth system model. MERRA-2 provides several improvements over its predecessor (MERRA-1), including aerosol assimilation for the entire period. MERRA-2 assimilates bias-corrected aerosol optical depth (AOD) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer instruments. Additionally, MERRA-2 assimilates (non bias corrected) AOD from the Multiangle Imaging SpectroRadiometer over bright surfaces and AOD from Aerosol Robotic Network sunphotometer stations. This paper, the second of a pair, summarizes the efforts to assess the quality of the MERRA-2 aerosol products. First, MERRA-2 aerosols are evaluated using independent observations. It is shown that the MERRA-2 absorption aerosol optical depth (AAOD) and ultraviolet aerosol index (AI) compare well with Ozone Monitoring Instrument observations. Next, aerosol vertical structure and surface fine particulate matter (PM2.5) are evaluated using available satellite, aircraft, and ground-based observations. While MERRA-2 generally compares well to these observations, the assimilation cannot correct for all deficiencies in the model (e.g., missing emissions). Such deficiencies can explain many of the biases with observations. Finally, a focus is placed on several major aerosol events to illustrate successes and weaknesses of the AOD assimilation: the Mount Pinatubo eruption, a Saharan dust transport episode, the California Rim Fire, and an extreme pollution event over China. The article concludes with a summary that points to best practices for using the MERRA-2 aerosol reanalysis in future studies.

© 2017 American Meteorological Society. For information regarding reuse of this content and general copyright information, consult the AMS Copyright Policy (www.ametsoc.org/PUBSReuseLicenses).

Supplemental information related to this paper is available at the Journals Online website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0613.s1.

Current affiliation: ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey.

Corresponding author: V. Buchard, virginie.buchard@nasa.gov

Abstract

The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2), is NASA’s latest reanalysis for the satellite era (1980 onward) using the Goddard Earth Observing System, version 5 (GEOS-5), Earth system model. MERRA-2 provides several improvements over its predecessor (MERRA-1), including aerosol assimilation for the entire period. MERRA-2 assimilates bias-corrected aerosol optical depth (AOD) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer instruments. Additionally, MERRA-2 assimilates (non bias corrected) AOD from the Multiangle Imaging SpectroRadiometer over bright surfaces and AOD from Aerosol Robotic Network sunphotometer stations. This paper, the second of a pair, summarizes the efforts to assess the quality of the MERRA-2 aerosol products. First, MERRA-2 aerosols are evaluated using independent observations. It is shown that the MERRA-2 absorption aerosol optical depth (AAOD) and ultraviolet aerosol index (AI) compare well with Ozone Monitoring Instrument observations. Next, aerosol vertical structure and surface fine particulate matter (PM2.5) are evaluated using available satellite, aircraft, and ground-based observations. While MERRA-2 generally compares well to these observations, the assimilation cannot correct for all deficiencies in the model (e.g., missing emissions). Such deficiencies can explain many of the biases with observations. Finally, a focus is placed on several major aerosol events to illustrate successes and weaknesses of the AOD assimilation: the Mount Pinatubo eruption, a Saharan dust transport episode, the California Rim Fire, and an extreme pollution event over China. The article concludes with a summary that points to best practices for using the MERRA-2 aerosol reanalysis in future studies.

© 2017 American Meteorological Society. For information regarding reuse of this content and general copyright information, consult the AMS Copyright Policy (www.ametsoc.org/PUBSReuseLicenses).

Supplemental information related to this paper is available at the Journals Online website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0613.s1.

Current affiliation: ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey.

Corresponding author: V. Buchard, virginie.buchard@nasa.gov

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