Editorial Type:
Article
Article Type:
Research Article

Trends in Persistent Seasonal-Scale Atmospheric Circulation Patterns Responsible for Seasonal Precipitation Totals and Occurrences of Precipitation Extremes over Canada

Xuezhi Tan Department of Water Resources and Environment, School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China, and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, and Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Water Security Regulation and Control for Southern China, and Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Water Security in Southern China of Guangdong High Education Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5682-3477
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Thian Yew Gan Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

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Shu Chen Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, and State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China

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Daniel E. Horton Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois

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Xiaohong Chen Department of Water Resources and Environment, School of Civil Engineering, and Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Water Security Regulation and Control for Southern China, and Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Water Security in Southern China of Guangdong High Education Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

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Bingjun Liu Department of Water Resources and Environment, School of Civil Engineering, and Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Water Security Regulation and Control for Southern China, and Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Water Security in Southern China of Guangdong High Education Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

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Kairong Lin Department of Water Resources and Environment, School of Civil Engineering, and Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Water Security Regulation and Control for Southern China, and Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Water Security in Southern China of Guangdong High Education Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

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Print Publication:
01 Nov 2019
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0408.1
Page(s):
7105–7126
Restricted access

Abstract

Both large-scale atmospheric circulation and moisture content in the atmosphere govern regional precipitation. We partition recent changes in mean, heavy, and extreme precipitation for all seasons over Canada to changes in synoptic circulation patterns (dynamic changes) and in atmospheric moisture conditions (thermodynamic changes) using 500-hPa geopotential height and precipitation data over 1979–2014. Using the self-organizing map (SOM) cluster analysis, we identify statistically significant trends in occurrences of certain synoptic circulation patterns over the Canadian landmass, which have dynamically contributed to observed changes in precipitation totals and occurrence of heavy and extreme precipitation events over Canada. Occurrences of circulation patterns such as westerlies and ridges over western North America and the North Pacific have considerably affected regional precipitation over Canada. Precipitation intensity and occurrences of precipitation extremes associated with each SOM circulation pattern also showed statistically significant trends resulting from thermodynamic changes in the atmospheric moisture supply for precipitation events. A partition analysis based on the thermodynamic–dynamic partition method indicates that most (~90%) changes in mean and extreme precipitation over Canada resulted from changes in precipitation regimes occurring under each synoptic circulation pattern (thermodynamic changes). Other regional precipitation changes resulted from changes in occurrences of synoptic circulation patterns (dynamic changes). Because of the high spatial variability of precipitation response to changes in thermodynamic and dynamic conditions, dynamic contributions could offset thermodynamic contributions to precipitation changes over some regions if thermodynamic and dynamic contributions are in opposition to each other (negative or positive), which would result in minimal changes in precipitation intensity and occurrences of heavy and extreme precipitation events.

Supplemental information related to this paper is available at the Journals Online website: https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0408.s1.

© 2019 American Meteorological Society. For information regarding reuse of this content and general copyright information, consult the AMS Copyright Policy (www.ametsoc.org/PUBSReuseLicenses).

Corresponding author: Xuezhi Tan, tanxuezhi@mail.sysu.edu.cn

Abstract

Both large-scale atmospheric circulation and moisture content in the atmosphere govern regional precipitation. We partition recent changes in mean, heavy, and extreme precipitation for all seasons over Canada to changes in synoptic circulation patterns (dynamic changes) and in atmospheric moisture conditions (thermodynamic changes) using 500-hPa geopotential height and precipitation data over 1979–2014. Using the self-organizing map (SOM) cluster analysis, we identify statistically significant trends in occurrences of certain synoptic circulation patterns over the Canadian landmass, which have dynamically contributed to observed changes in precipitation totals and occurrence of heavy and extreme precipitation events over Canada. Occurrences of circulation patterns such as westerlies and ridges over western North America and the North Pacific have considerably affected regional precipitation over Canada. Precipitation intensity and occurrences of precipitation extremes associated with each SOM circulation pattern also showed statistically significant trends resulting from thermodynamic changes in the atmospheric moisture supply for precipitation events. A partition analysis based on the thermodynamic–dynamic partition method indicates that most (~90%) changes in mean and extreme precipitation over Canada resulted from changes in precipitation regimes occurring under each synoptic circulation pattern (thermodynamic changes). Other regional precipitation changes resulted from changes in occurrences of synoptic circulation patterns (dynamic changes). Because of the high spatial variability of precipitation response to changes in thermodynamic and dynamic conditions, dynamic contributions could offset thermodynamic contributions to precipitation changes over some regions if thermodynamic and dynamic contributions are in opposition to each other (negative or positive), which would result in minimal changes in precipitation intensity and occurrences of heavy and extreme precipitation events.

Supplemental information related to this paper is available at the Journals Online website: https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0408.s1.

© 2019 American Meteorological Society. For information regarding reuse of this content and general copyright information, consult the AMS Copyright Policy (www.ametsoc.org/PUBSReuseLicenses).

Corresponding author: Xuezhi Tan, tanxuezhi@mail.sysu.edu.cn

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