Editorial Type:
Article
Article Type:
Research Article

Teleconnections Governing the Interannual Variability of Great Plains Low-Level Jets in May

Shubhi Agrawal aAtmospheric Sciences Research Center, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York
bDepartment of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York

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Craig R. Ferguson aAtmospheric Sciences Research Center, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York
bDepartment of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York

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Lance Bosart bDepartment of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York

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D. Alex Burrows aAtmospheric Sciences Research Center, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York
bDepartment of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York

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Online Publication:
06 May 2021
Print Publication:
01 Jun 2021
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0451.1
Page(s):
4785–4802
Restricted access

Abstract

A spectral analysis of Great Plains 850-hPa meridional winds (V850) from ECMWF’s coupled climate reanalysis of 1901–2010 (CERA-20C) reveals that their warm season (April–September) interannual variability peaks in May with 2–6-yr periodicity, suggestive of an underlying teleconnection influence on low-level jets (LLJs). Using an objective, dynamical jet classification framework based on 500-hPa wave activity, we pursue a large-scale teleconnection hypothesis separately for LLJs that are uncoupled (LLJUC) and coupled (LLJC) to the upper-level jet stream. Differentiating between jet types enables isolation of their respective sources of variability. In the U.S. south-central plains (SCP), May LLJCs account for nearly 1.6 times more precipitation and 1.5 times greater V850 compared to LLJUCs. Composite analyses of May 250-hPa geopotential height (Z250) conditioned on LLJC and LLJUC frequencies highlight a distinct planetary-scale Rossby wave pattern with wavenumber 5, indicative of an underlying circumglobal teleconnection (CGT). An index of May CGT is found to be significantly correlated with both LLJC (r = 0.62) and LLJUC (r = −0.48) frequencies. Additionally, a significant correlation is found between May LLJUC frequency and NAO (r = 0.33). Further analyses expose decadal-scale variations in the CGT–LLJC and CGT–LLJUC teleconnections that are linked to the PDO. Dynamically, these large-scale teleconnections impact LLJ class frequency and intensity via upper-level geopotential anomalies over the western United States that modulate near-surface geopotential and temperature gradients across the SCP.

Supplemental information related to this paper is available at the Journals Online website: https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0451.1.s1.

© 2021 American Meteorological Society. For information regarding reuse of this content and general copyright information, consult the AMS Copyright Policy (www.ametsoc.org/PUBSReuseLicenses).

Corresponding author: Shubhi Agrawal, sagrawal2@albany.edu

Abstract

A spectral analysis of Great Plains 850-hPa meridional winds (V850) from ECMWF’s coupled climate reanalysis of 1901–2010 (CERA-20C) reveals that their warm season (April–September) interannual variability peaks in May with 2–6-yr periodicity, suggestive of an underlying teleconnection influence on low-level jets (LLJs). Using an objective, dynamical jet classification framework based on 500-hPa wave activity, we pursue a large-scale teleconnection hypothesis separately for LLJs that are uncoupled (LLJUC) and coupled (LLJC) to the upper-level jet stream. Differentiating between jet types enables isolation of their respective sources of variability. In the U.S. south-central plains (SCP), May LLJCs account for nearly 1.6 times more precipitation and 1.5 times greater V850 compared to LLJUCs. Composite analyses of May 250-hPa geopotential height (Z250) conditioned on LLJC and LLJUC frequencies highlight a distinct planetary-scale Rossby wave pattern with wavenumber 5, indicative of an underlying circumglobal teleconnection (CGT). An index of May CGT is found to be significantly correlated with both LLJC (r = 0.62) and LLJUC (r = −0.48) frequencies. Additionally, a significant correlation is found between May LLJUC frequency and NAO (r = 0.33). Further analyses expose decadal-scale variations in the CGT–LLJC and CGT–LLJUC teleconnections that are linked to the PDO. Dynamically, these large-scale teleconnections impact LLJ class frequency and intensity via upper-level geopotential anomalies over the western United States that modulate near-surface geopotential and temperature gradients across the SCP.

Supplemental information related to this paper is available at the Journals Online website: https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0451.1.s1.

© 2021 American Meteorological Society. For information regarding reuse of this content and general copyright information, consult the AMS Copyright Policy (www.ametsoc.org/PUBSReuseLicenses).

Corresponding author: Shubhi Agrawal, sagrawal2@albany.edu

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