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Article Type:
Research Article

Interannual Variability of the East African Coastal Current Associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation

Chenyu Zheng aLaboratory for Coastal Ocean Variation and Disaster Prediction, College of Ocean and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China

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Shaojun Zheng aLaboratory for Coastal Ocean Variation and Disaster Prediction, College of Ocean and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
bKey Laboratory of Climate, Resources and Environment in Continental Shelf Sea and Deep Sea of Department of Education of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
cKey Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing, China

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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9430-4210
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Ming Feng dCSIRO Environment, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia

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Lingling Xie aLaboratory for Coastal Ocean Variation and Disaster Prediction, College of Ocean and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
bKey Laboratory of Climate, Resources and Environment in Continental Shelf Sea and Deep Sea of Department of Education of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
cKey Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing, China

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Lei Wang aLaboratory for Coastal Ocean Variation and Disaster Prediction, College of Ocean and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
bKey Laboratory of Climate, Resources and Environment in Continental Shelf Sea and Deep Sea of Department of Education of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
cKey Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing, China

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Tianyu Zhang aLaboratory for Coastal Ocean Variation and Disaster Prediction, College of Ocean and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
bKey Laboratory of Climate, Resources and Environment in Continental Shelf Sea and Deep Sea of Department of Education of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
cKey Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing, China

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Li Yan aLaboratory for Coastal Ocean Variation and Disaster Prediction, College of Ocean and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
bKey Laboratory of Climate, Resources and Environment in Continental Shelf Sea and Deep Sea of Department of Education of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
cKey Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing, China

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Online Publication:
19 Aug 2024
Print Publication:
01 Sep 2024
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-23-0563.1
Page(s):
4613–4631
Restricted access

Abstract

The East African Coastal Current (EACC) is an important western boundary current of the tropical south Indian Ocean and plays an important role in the ocean circulation and biogeochemical cycles in the Indian Ocean. This study investigates the interannual variability of the EACC and its dynamical mechanisms. The result shows that the EACC has interannual variability associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) during 1993–2017. The EACC shows a significantly positive correlation with the Niño-3.4 index with a correlation coefficient of 0.65, lagging the Niño-3.4 index by 18 months. During the decaying phases of El Niño (La Niña) events, the negative (positive) sea level anomaly (SLA) propagates westward as upwelling (downwelling) Rossby waves from the southeast Indian Ocean to the southwest Indian Ocean and then strengthens (weakens) the EACC due to zonal SLA gradient off the East African coast under geostrophic equilibrium. The SLA gradually weakens in the southeast Indian Ocean during its westward propagation but strengthens in the southwest Indian Ocean promoted by local wind stress curl anomaly. This study can improve our understanding of the relationship between the western boundary current of the tropical south Indian Ocean and large-scale ENSO air–sea processes and is important for managing marine fisheries and ecosystems on the East African coast.

© 2024 American Meteorological Society. This published article is licensed under the terms of the default AMS reuse license. For information regarding reuse of this content and general copyright information, consult the AMS Copyright Policy (www.ametsoc.org/PUBSReuseLicenses).

Corresponding author: Shaojun Zheng, zhengsj@gdou.edu.cn

Abstract

The East African Coastal Current (EACC) is an important western boundary current of the tropical south Indian Ocean and plays an important role in the ocean circulation and biogeochemical cycles in the Indian Ocean. This study investigates the interannual variability of the EACC and its dynamical mechanisms. The result shows that the EACC has interannual variability associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) during 1993–2017. The EACC shows a significantly positive correlation with the Niño-3.4 index with a correlation coefficient of 0.65, lagging the Niño-3.4 index by 18 months. During the decaying phases of El Niño (La Niña) events, the negative (positive) sea level anomaly (SLA) propagates westward as upwelling (downwelling) Rossby waves from the southeast Indian Ocean to the southwest Indian Ocean and then strengthens (weakens) the EACC due to zonal SLA gradient off the East African coast under geostrophic equilibrium. The SLA gradually weakens in the southeast Indian Ocean during its westward propagation but strengthens in the southwest Indian Ocean promoted by local wind stress curl anomaly. This study can improve our understanding of the relationship between the western boundary current of the tropical south Indian Ocean and large-scale ENSO air–sea processes and is important for managing marine fisheries and ecosystems on the East African coast.

© 2024 American Meteorological Society. This published article is licensed under the terms of the default AMS reuse license. For information regarding reuse of this content and general copyright information, consult the AMS Copyright Policy (www.ametsoc.org/PUBSReuseLicenses).

Corresponding author: Shaojun Zheng, zhengsj@gdou.edu.cn
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