Editorial Type:
Article
Article Type:
Research Article

Snow Cover and Spring Flood Flow in the Northern Part of Western Siberia (the Poluy, Nadym, Pur, and Taz Rivers)

E. A. Zakharova * UPS (OMP-PCA), LEGOS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
CNRS, LEGOS, Toulouse, France
St. Petersburg Branch, State Oceanography Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia

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A. V. Kouraev * UPS (OMP-PCA), LEGOS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
St. Petersburg Branch, State Oceanography Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia

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S. Biancamaria * UPS (OMP-PCA), LEGOS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
CNRS, LEGOS, Toulouse, France
CNES, LEGOS, Toulouse, France

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M. V. Kolmakova * UPS (OMP-PCA), LEGOS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia

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N. M. Mognard * UPS (OMP-PCA), LEGOS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
CNES, LEGOS, Toulouse, France

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V. A. Zemtsov Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia

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S. N. Kirpotin Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia

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B. Decharme ** GAME–Centre National de Recherche Météorologique, Toulouse, France

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Print Publication:
01 Dec 2011
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-11-017.1
Page(s):
1498–1511
Restricted access

Abstract

The paper aims to quantitatively estimate the role of snowmelt in the spring flood flow and the redistribution of river runoff for the northern (Arctic) part of the western Siberian Plain (the rivers Poluy, Nadym, Pur, and Taz). In this region, the presence of wetlands and thermokarst lakes significantly influences the seasonal redistribution of river discharge. First the study region is described, and the snow regime from in situ observations at the Tarko-Sale meteorological station is analyzed. As Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) estimates of snow depth for this region are lower than in situ observations, a correction of the SSM/I snow depth estimates is done using snow parameters measured on the snow transect near the meteorological station Tarko-Sale for 1991–96. This reestimated snow depth is then used to assess the volume of water stored every winter on the watersheds for 1989–2006. This snow product is compared with the spring flood streamflow estimated from in situ observations, and the regional relationship between the snow water storage and flood flow is constructed. The proportion of meltwater that does not reach the main rivers and is thus evaporated or stored by the wetlands is estimated to be on average 30% (varying from 0% to 74%). We observe an increasing trend of this value from 20%–30% in the early 1990s to 50%–60% in the mid-2000s. This increase could be attributed to several factors such as increased air temperature (leading to increased evaporation, changes in vegetation cover, and active layer depth) and also to human activity.

Corresponding author address: A. V. Kouraev, UPS (OMP-PCA), LEGOS, Université de Toulouse, 14 Av. Edouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France. E-mail: kouraev@legos.obs-mip.fr

Abstract

The paper aims to quantitatively estimate the role of snowmelt in the spring flood flow and the redistribution of river runoff for the northern (Arctic) part of the western Siberian Plain (the rivers Poluy, Nadym, Pur, and Taz). In this region, the presence of wetlands and thermokarst lakes significantly influences the seasonal redistribution of river discharge. First the study region is described, and the snow regime from in situ observations at the Tarko-Sale meteorological station is analyzed. As Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) estimates of snow depth for this region are lower than in situ observations, a correction of the SSM/I snow depth estimates is done using snow parameters measured on the snow transect near the meteorological station Tarko-Sale for 1991–96. This reestimated snow depth is then used to assess the volume of water stored every winter on the watersheds for 1989–2006. This snow product is compared with the spring flood streamflow estimated from in situ observations, and the regional relationship between the snow water storage and flood flow is constructed. The proportion of meltwater that does not reach the main rivers and is thus evaporated or stored by the wetlands is estimated to be on average 30% (varying from 0% to 74%). We observe an increasing trend of this value from 20%–30% in the early 1990s to 50%–60% in the mid-2000s. This increase could be attributed to several factors such as increased air temperature (leading to increased evaporation, changes in vegetation cover, and active layer depth) and also to human activity.

Corresponding author address: A. V. Kouraev, UPS (OMP-PCA), LEGOS, Université de Toulouse, 14 Av. Edouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France. E-mail: kouraev@legos.obs-mip.fr
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