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Contribution of Extreme Convective Storms to Rainfall in South America

K. L. Rasmussen Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

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M. M. Chaplin Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

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M. D. Zuluaga Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

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R. A. Houze Jr. Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

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Print Publication:
01 Feb 2016
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-15-0067.1
Page(s):
353–367
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Abstract

The contribution of extreme convective storms to rainfall in South America is investigated using 15 years of high-resolution data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR). Precipitation from three specific types of storms with extreme horizontal and vertical dimensions have been calculated and compared to the climatological rain. The tropical and subtropical regions of South America differ markedly in the influence of storms with extreme dimensions. The tropical regions, especially the Amazon basin, have aspects similar to oceanic convection. Convection in the subtropical regions, centered on La Plata basin, exhibits patterns consistent with storm life cycles initiating in the foothills of the Andes and growing into larger mesoscale convective systems that propagate to the east. In La Plata basin, convective storms with a large horizontal dimension contribute ~44% of the rain and the accumulated influence of all three types of storms with extreme characteristics produce ~95% of the total precipitation in the austral summer.

Current affiliation: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado.

Current affiliation: Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia.

Corresponding author address: Kristen Lani Rasmussen, National Center for Atmospheric Research, 3450 Mitchell Lane, Boulder, CO 80301. E-mail: kristenr@ucar.edu

Abstract

The contribution of extreme convective storms to rainfall in South America is investigated using 15 years of high-resolution data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR). Precipitation from three specific types of storms with extreme horizontal and vertical dimensions have been calculated and compared to the climatological rain. The tropical and subtropical regions of South America differ markedly in the influence of storms with extreme dimensions. The tropical regions, especially the Amazon basin, have aspects similar to oceanic convection. Convection in the subtropical regions, centered on La Plata basin, exhibits patterns consistent with storm life cycles initiating in the foothills of the Andes and growing into larger mesoscale convective systems that propagate to the east. In La Plata basin, convective storms with a large horizontal dimension contribute ~44% of the rain and the accumulated influence of all three types of storms with extreme characteristics produce ~95% of the total precipitation in the austral summer.

Current affiliation: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado.

Current affiliation: Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia.

Corresponding author address: Kristen Lani Rasmussen, National Center for Atmospheric Research, 3450 Mitchell Lane, Boulder, CO 80301. E-mail: kristenr@ucar.edu
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