Editorial Type:
Article
Article Type:
Research Article

Can Precipitation and Temperature from Meteorological Reanalyses Be Used for Hydrological Modeling?

Gilles R. C. Essou Department of Construction Engineering, École de technologie supérieure, Université du Québec, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

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Florent Sabarly Department of Construction Engineering, École de technologie supérieure, Université du Québec, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

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Philippe Lucas-Picher Department of Construction Engineering, École de technologie supérieure, Université du Québec, and Centre pour l’étude et la simulation du climat à l'échelle régionale, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

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François Brissette Department of Construction Engineering, École de technologie supérieure, Université du Québec, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

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Annie Poulin Department of Construction Engineering, École de technologie supérieure, Université du Québec, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

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Print Publication:
01 Jul 2016
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-15-0138.1
Page(s):
1929–1950
Restricted access

Abstract

This paper investigates the potential of reanalyses as proxies of observed surface precipitation and temperature to force hydrological models. Three global atmospheric reanalyses (ERA-Interim, CFSR, and MERRA), one regional reanalysis (NARR), and one global meteorological forcing dataset obtained by bias-correcting ERA-Interim [Water and Global Change (WATCH) Forcing Data ERA-Interim (WFDEI)] were compared to one gridded observation database over the contiguous United States. Results showed that all temperature datasets were similar to the gridded observation over most of the United States. On the other hand, precipitation from all three global reanalyses was biased, especially in summer and winter in the southeastern United States. The regional reanalysis precipitation was closer to observations since it indirectly assimilates surface precipitation. The WFDEI dataset was generally less biased than the reanalysis datasets. All datasets were then used to force a global conceptual hydrological model on 370 watersheds of the Model Parameter Estimation Experiment (MOPEX) database. River flows were computed for each watershed, and results showed that the flows simulated using NARR and gridded observations forcings were very similar to the observed flows. The simulated flows forced by the global reanalysis datasets were also similar to the observations, except in the humid continental and subtropical climatic regions, where precipitation seasonality biases degraded river flow simulations. The WFDEI dataset led to better river flows than reanalysis in the humid continental and subtropical climatic regions but was no better than reanalysis—and sometimes worse—in other climatic zones. Overall, the results indicate that global reanalyses have good potential to be used as proxies to observations to force hydrological models, especially in regions with few weather stations.

Corresponding author address: Gilles R. C. Essou, Dept. of Construction Engineering, École de technologie supérieure, Université du Québec, 1100 Notre-Dame Street West, Montreal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada. E-mail: essougilles@yahoo.fr; gilles.essou.1@ens.etsmtl.ca

Abstract

This paper investigates the potential of reanalyses as proxies of observed surface precipitation and temperature to force hydrological models. Three global atmospheric reanalyses (ERA-Interim, CFSR, and MERRA), one regional reanalysis (NARR), and one global meteorological forcing dataset obtained by bias-correcting ERA-Interim [Water and Global Change (WATCH) Forcing Data ERA-Interim (WFDEI)] were compared to one gridded observation database over the contiguous United States. Results showed that all temperature datasets were similar to the gridded observation over most of the United States. On the other hand, precipitation from all three global reanalyses was biased, especially in summer and winter in the southeastern United States. The regional reanalysis precipitation was closer to observations since it indirectly assimilates surface precipitation. The WFDEI dataset was generally less biased than the reanalysis datasets. All datasets were then used to force a global conceptual hydrological model on 370 watersheds of the Model Parameter Estimation Experiment (MOPEX) database. River flows were computed for each watershed, and results showed that the flows simulated using NARR and gridded observations forcings were very similar to the observed flows. The simulated flows forced by the global reanalysis datasets were also similar to the observations, except in the humid continental and subtropical climatic regions, where precipitation seasonality biases degraded river flow simulations. The WFDEI dataset led to better river flows than reanalysis in the humid continental and subtropical climatic regions but was no better than reanalysis—and sometimes worse—in other climatic zones. Overall, the results indicate that global reanalyses have good potential to be used as proxies to observations to force hydrological models, especially in regions with few weather stations.

Corresponding author address: Gilles R. C. Essou, Dept. of Construction Engineering, École de technologie supérieure, Université du Québec, 1100 Notre-Dame Street West, Montreal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada. E-mail: essougilles@yahoo.fr; gilles.essou.1@ens.etsmtl.ca
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