Abstract
The results from an instrumented aircraft penetration of two mamma elements associated with a severe hailstorm are presented. Maximum downdrafts in the clouds were near 2 m s−1. The main downdraft region was warmer than the air outside of the cloud. Aggregate ice particles of average diameter just over 1 mm predominated. The edge of the cloud was not descending. The cloud was smooth and contained only light turbulence. These results are discussed in the context of theories of mamma formation.
