Editorial Type:
Article
Article Type:
Research Article

Role of Rossby Waves in the Remote Effects of the North Indian Ocean Tropical Disturbances

J. V. Ratnam Research Institute for Global Change, and Application Laboratory, Yokohama, Japan

Search for other papers by J. V. Ratnam in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
S. K. Behera Research Institute for Global Change, and Application Laboratory, Yokohama, Japan

Search for other papers by S. K. Behera in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Y. Masumoto Research Institute for Global Change, Yokohama, and Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Search for other papers by Y. Masumoto in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
, and
T. Yamagata Application Laboratory, Yokohama, and Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Search for other papers by T. Yamagata in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
Print Publication:
01 Nov 2012
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-12-00027.1
Page(s):
3620–3633
Restricted access

We are aware of a technical issue preventing figures and tables from showing in some newly published articles in the full-text HTML view.
While we are resolving the problem, please use the online PDF version of these articles to view figures and tables.

Abstract

Remote effects due to the tropical disturbances in the north Indian Ocean are investigated by analyzing long-lasting (≥5 days) tropical disturbances, which reached at least the strength of tropical storms. The present analysis is carried out for both the pre- and postmonsoon periods. The spatial and temporal distribution of the outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) during the premonsoon disturbances over the Bay of Bengal reveals several interesting features. Temporal distribution of the OLR anomalies shows that the intraseasonal oscillations play an important role in the formation of those disturbances. The spatial distribution of the OLR anomalies shows a dipole with negative OLR anomalies over the bay and positive OLR anomalies over the Indonesian region. The atmospheric response to the negative OLR anomalies results in positive temperature anomalies over northwest India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran, and Saudi Arabia, remote from the disturbance; and the response to the positive anomalies causes slight increase in the sea surface temperature of the Arabian Sea. Negative OLR anomalies are also seen over western Japan due to the Rossby waves generated by the heating over the Bay of Bengal besides the enhancement of the so-called “Pacific–Japan” teleconnection pattern. However, the analysis shows that the postmonsoon disturbances over the Bay of Bengal and the disturbances formed over the Arabian Sea in both pre- and postmonsoon seasons do not develop remote teleconnections associated with the above type of Rossby wave mechanism. These results are significant for the short- to medium-range weather forecast over a wide range covering Japan, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran, and Saudi Arabia.

Corresponding author address: J. V. Ratnam, 3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0001, Japan. E-mail: jvratnam@jamstec.go.jp

Abstract

Remote effects due to the tropical disturbances in the north Indian Ocean are investigated by analyzing long-lasting (≥5 days) tropical disturbances, which reached at least the strength of tropical storms. The present analysis is carried out for both the pre- and postmonsoon periods. The spatial and temporal distribution of the outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) during the premonsoon disturbances over the Bay of Bengal reveals several interesting features. Temporal distribution of the OLR anomalies shows that the intraseasonal oscillations play an important role in the formation of those disturbances. The spatial distribution of the OLR anomalies shows a dipole with negative OLR anomalies over the bay and positive OLR anomalies over the Indonesian region. The atmospheric response to the negative OLR anomalies results in positive temperature anomalies over northwest India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran, and Saudi Arabia, remote from the disturbance; and the response to the positive anomalies causes slight increase in the sea surface temperature of the Arabian Sea. Negative OLR anomalies are also seen over western Japan due to the Rossby waves generated by the heating over the Bay of Bengal besides the enhancement of the so-called “Pacific–Japan” teleconnection pattern. However, the analysis shows that the postmonsoon disturbances over the Bay of Bengal and the disturbances formed over the Arabian Sea in both pre- and postmonsoon seasons do not develop remote teleconnections associated with the above type of Rossby wave mechanism. These results are significant for the short- to medium-range weather forecast over a wide range covering Japan, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran, and Saudi Arabia.

Corresponding author address: J. V. Ratnam, 3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0001, Japan. E-mail: jvratnam@jamstec.go.jp
Save
Cover Monthly Weather Review
Monthly Weather Review

  • Briegel, L. M., and W. M. Frank, 1997: Large-scale influences on tropical cyclogenesis in the western North Pacific. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 1397–1413.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Frank, W. M., and P. E. Roundy, 2006: The role of tropical waves in tropical cyclogenesis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 2397–2417.

  • Fu, X., and P.-C. Hsu, 2011: Extended-range ensemble forecasting of tropical cyclogenesis in the northern Indian Ocean: Modulation of Madden–Julian Oscillation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L15803, doi:10.1029/2011GL048249.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Fu, X., B. Wang, T. Li, and J. P. McCreary, 2003: Coupling between northward-propagating, intraseasonal oscillations and sea surface temperature in the Indian Ocean. J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 1733–1753.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Gill, A. E., 1980: Some simple solutions for heat induced tropical circulation. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 106, 447–462.

  • Gray, W. M., 1968: Global view of the origin of tropical disturbances and storms. Mon. Wea. Rev., 96, 669–700.

  • Hoskins, B. J., 1980: Representation of the earth topography using spherical harmonics. Mon. Wea. Rev., 108, 111–115.

  • Hoskins, B. J., and T. Ambrizzi, 1993: Rossby wave propagation on a realistic longitudinally varying flow. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 1661–1671.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Jakus, C. E., 1995: The remote impacts of a western Pacific tropical cyclone. M.S. thesis, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, 137 pp. [Available online at http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=ADA306696.]

  • Kalnay, E., and Coauthors, 1996: The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437–471.

  • Kamiguchi, K., O. Arakawa, A. Kitoh, A. Yatagai, A. Hamada, and N. Yasutomi, 2010: Development of APHRO_JP, the first Japanese high-resolution daily precipitation product for more than 100 years. Hydrol. Res. Lett., 4, 60–64.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Kikuchi, K., and B. Wang, 2010: Formation of tropical cyclones in the northern Indian Ocean associated with two types of tropical intraseasonal oscillation modes. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 88 (3), 475–496.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Kikuchi, K., B. Wang, and H. Fudeyasu, 2009: Genesis of tropical cyclone Nargis revealed by multiple satellite observations. Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L06811, doi:10.1029/2009GL037296.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Kim, B.-M., G.-H. Lim, and K.-Y. Kim, 2006: A new look at the midlatitude–MJO teleconnection in the northern hemisphere winter. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 132, 485–503.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Kosaka, Y., and H. Nakamura, 2006: Structure and dynamics of the summertime Pacific-Japan (PJ) teleconnection pattern. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 132, 2009–2030.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Krishnamohan, K. S., K. Mohanakumar, and P. V. Joseph, 2012: The influence of Madden–Julian Oscillation in the genesis of North Indian Ocean tropical cyclones. Theor. Appl. Meteor., 109, 271–282, doi:10.1007/s00704-011-0582.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Krishnan, R., C. Zhang, and M. Sugi, 2000: Dynamics of breaks in the Indian summer monsoon. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 1354–1372.

  • Lee, C. S., R. Edson, and W. M. Gray, 1989: Some large-scale characteristics associated with tropical cyclone development in the North Indian Ocean during FGGE. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 407–426.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Liebmann, B., and C. A. Smith, 1996: Description of a complete (interpolated) outgoing longwave radiation dataset. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 1275–1277.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Liebmann, B., H. H. Hendon, and J. D. Glick, 1994: The relationship between tropical cyclones of the western Pacific and Indian Oceans and the Madden–Julian Oscillation. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 72, 401–411.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Madden, R., and P. R. Julian, 1994: Observations of the 40–50-day tropical oscillation—A review. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 814–837.

  • Matsuno, T., 1966: Quasi-geostrophic motions in the equatorial area. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 44, 25–43.

  • McBride, J. L., and R. Zehr, 1981: Observational analysis of tropical cyclone formation. Part II: Comparison of non-developing versus developing systems. J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 1132–1151.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Nascimento, E. L., and T. Ambrizzi, 2002: The influence of atmospheric blocking on the Rossby wave propagation in the Southern Hemisphere winter flows. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 80, 139–159.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Nitta, T., 1987: Convective activities in the tropical western Pacific and their impact on the Northern Hemisphere summer circulation. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 65, 373–390.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Plumb, R. A., 1986: Three-dimensional propagation of transient quasi-geostrophic eddies and its relationship with the eddy forcing of the time-mean flow. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 1657–1678.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Reynolds, R. W., T. M. Smith, C. Liu, D. B. Chelton, K. S. Casey, and M. G. Schlax, 2007: Daily high-resolution blended analyses for sea surface temperature. J. Climate, 20, 5473–5496.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Roundy, P. E., 2008: Analysis of convectively coupled Kelvin waves in the Indian Ocean MJO. J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 1342–1359.

  • Roundy, P. E., 2012: The spectrum of convectively coupled Kelvin waves and the Madden–Julian oscillation in regions of low-level easterly and westerly background flow. J. Atmos. Sci., 69, 2107–2111.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Rui, H., and B. Wang, 1990: Development characteristics and dynamic structure of tropical intraseasonal convection anomalies. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 357–379.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Saith, N., and J. Slingo, 2006: The role of Madden-Julian Oscillation in the El Niño and Indian Drought of 2002. Int. J. Climatol., 26, 1361–1378.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Sato, N., and M. Takahashi, 2007: Dynamical processes related to the appearance of the Okhotsk high during early midsummer. J. Climate, 20, 4982–4994.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Schreck, C. J., J. Molinari, and A. Aiyyer, 2012: A global view of equatorial waves and tropical cyclogenesis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 140, 774–788.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Sreenivas, P., C. Gnanaseelan, and K. V. S. R. Prasad, 2012: Influence of El Niño and Indian Ocean Dipole on sea level variability in the Bay of Bengal. Global Planet. Change, 80–81, 215–225.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
All Time Past Year Past 30 Days
Abstract Views 0 0 0
Full Text Views 1589 1281 990
PDF Downloads 291 41 2