Editorial Type:
Article
Article Type:
Research Article

Utility of Dense Pressure Observations for Improving Mesoscale Analyses and Forecasts

Luke E. Madaus Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

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Gregory J. Hakim Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

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Clifford F. Mass Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

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Print Publication:
01 Jul 2014
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-13-00269.1
Page(s):
2398–2413
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Abstract

The use of dense pressure observations is investigated for creating mesoscale ensemble analyses and improving short-term mesoscale forecasts. By exploiting additional observation platforms, the number of pressure observations over the Pacific Northwest region is increased by an order of magnitude over standard airport observations. Quality control and bias correction methods for these observations are discussed, including the use of pressure tendency as an alternative observation type with fewer bias concerns. The enhanced station density provided by these observations contributes to localized adjustments for a variety of mesoscale phenomena. These adjusted analyses yield improved forecasts, including more accurate forecasts of frontal passages and convective bands. Assimilating dense 3-h pressure tendency observations also reduces the error in some forecast surface fields similarly to raw pressure observations, suggesting further investigation into pressure tendency as a mesoscale observation type.

Corresponding author address: Luke Madaus, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Box 351640, Seattle, WA 98195. E-mail: lmadaus@atmos.washington.edu

Abstract

The use of dense pressure observations is investigated for creating mesoscale ensemble analyses and improving short-term mesoscale forecasts. By exploiting additional observation platforms, the number of pressure observations over the Pacific Northwest region is increased by an order of magnitude over standard airport observations. Quality control and bias correction methods for these observations are discussed, including the use of pressure tendency as an alternative observation type with fewer bias concerns. The enhanced station density provided by these observations contributes to localized adjustments for a variety of mesoscale phenomena. These adjusted analyses yield improved forecasts, including more accurate forecasts of frontal passages and convective bands. Assimilating dense 3-h pressure tendency observations also reduces the error in some forecast surface fields similarly to raw pressure observations, suggesting further investigation into pressure tendency as a mesoscale observation type.

Corresponding author address: Luke Madaus, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Box 351640, Seattle, WA 98195. E-mail: lmadaus@atmos.washington.edu
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