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Article Type:
Research Article

A Hybrid Global Ocean Data Assimilation System at NCEP

Stephen G. Penny National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Centers for Environmental Prediction, and Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland

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David W. Behringer National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Centers for Environmental Prediction, College Park, Maryland

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James A. Carton Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland

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Eugenia Kalnay Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland

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Print Publication:
01 Nov 2015
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-14-00376.1
Page(s):
4660–4677
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Abstract

Seasonal forecasting with a coupled model requires accurate initial conditions for the ocean. A hybrid data assimilation has been implemented within the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Ocean Data Assimilation System (GODAS) as a future replacement of the operational three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVar) method. This Hybrid-GODAS provides improved representation of model uncertainties by using a combination of dynamic and static background error covariances, and by using an ensemble forced by different realizations of atmospheric surface conditions. An observing system simulation experiment (OSSE) is presented spanning January 1991 to January 1999, with a bias imposed on the surface forcing conditions to emulate an imperfect model. The OSSE compares the 3DVar used by the NCEP Climate Forecast System (CFSv2) with the new hybrid, using simulated in situ ocean observations corresponding to those used for the NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR).

The Hybrid-GODAS reduces errors for all prognostic model variables over the majority of the experiment duration, both globally and regionally. Compared to an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) used alone, the hybrid further reduces errors in the tropical Pacific. The hybrid eliminates growth in biases of temperature and salinity present in the EnKF and 3DVar, respectively. A preliminary reanalysis using real data shows that reductions in errors and biases are qualitatively similar to the results from the OSSE. The Hybrid-GODAS is currently being implemented as the ocean component in a prototype next-generation CFSv3, and will be used in studies by the Climate Prediction Center to evaluate impacts on ENSO prediction.

Corresponding author address: Stephen G. Penny, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, 4254 Stadium Dr., College Park, MD 20742-2425. E-mail: steve.penny@noaa.gov

Abstract

Seasonal forecasting with a coupled model requires accurate initial conditions for the ocean. A hybrid data assimilation has been implemented within the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Ocean Data Assimilation System (GODAS) as a future replacement of the operational three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVar) method. This Hybrid-GODAS provides improved representation of model uncertainties by using a combination of dynamic and static background error covariances, and by using an ensemble forced by different realizations of atmospheric surface conditions. An observing system simulation experiment (OSSE) is presented spanning January 1991 to January 1999, with a bias imposed on the surface forcing conditions to emulate an imperfect model. The OSSE compares the 3DVar used by the NCEP Climate Forecast System (CFSv2) with the new hybrid, using simulated in situ ocean observations corresponding to those used for the NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR).

The Hybrid-GODAS reduces errors for all prognostic model variables over the majority of the experiment duration, both globally and regionally. Compared to an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) used alone, the hybrid further reduces errors in the tropical Pacific. The hybrid eliminates growth in biases of temperature and salinity present in the EnKF and 3DVar, respectively. A preliminary reanalysis using real data shows that reductions in errors and biases are qualitatively similar to the results from the OSSE. The Hybrid-GODAS is currently being implemented as the ocean component in a prototype next-generation CFSv3, and will be used in studies by the Climate Prediction Center to evaluate impacts on ENSO prediction.

Corresponding author address: Stephen G. Penny, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, 4254 Stadium Dr., College Park, MD 20742-2425. E-mail: steve.penny@noaa.gov
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