Editorial Type:
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Article Type:
Research Article

Interannual and Interdecadal Variability of the Number of Cold Days in Hong Kong and Their Relationship with Large-Scale Circulation

Hoffman H. N. Cheung Guy Carpenter Asia-Pacific Climate Impact Centre, School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

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Wen Zhou Guy Carpenter Asia-Pacific Climate Impact Centre, School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

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Sai-ming Lee Hong Kong Observatory, Hong Kong, China

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Hang-wai Tong Hong Kong Observatory, Hong Kong, China

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Print Publication:
01 Apr 2015
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-14-00335.1
Page(s):
1438–1454
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Abstract

During the past decade (2004/05–2013/14), the number of cold days in Hong Kong (NCD), as a proxy of the temperature of southern China, appeared to have increased from the historical minimum, in contrast to a remarkable decline in the entire postwar period. This is related to the recent apparent changes in the large-scale circulation upstream and downstream of the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) region: the increase in Ural blocking (UB) that enhances cold advection from the polar region and reinforces the Siberian high and the decrease in a western Pacific (WP)-like index that corresponds to increasing meridional gradient of geopotential height over the EAWM region. Overall, UB and WP account for 26.4% of the interannual (≤8 yr) variance and 83.7% of the decadal (>8 yr) variance of NCD for the period 1948/49–2013/14, indicating that further study could lead to improvement in the prediction of NCD.

Corresponding author address: Dr. Wen Zhou, School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Ave., Kowloon, Hong Kong 00852, China. E-mail: wenzhou@cityu.edu.hk

Abstract

During the past decade (2004/05–2013/14), the number of cold days in Hong Kong (NCD), as a proxy of the temperature of southern China, appeared to have increased from the historical minimum, in contrast to a remarkable decline in the entire postwar period. This is related to the recent apparent changes in the large-scale circulation upstream and downstream of the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) region: the increase in Ural blocking (UB) that enhances cold advection from the polar region and reinforces the Siberian high and the decrease in a western Pacific (WP)-like index that corresponds to increasing meridional gradient of geopotential height over the EAWM region. Overall, UB and WP account for 26.4% of the interannual (≤8 yr) variance and 83.7% of the decadal (>8 yr) variance of NCD for the period 1948/49–2013/14, indicating that further study could lead to improvement in the prediction of NCD.

Corresponding author address: Dr. Wen Zhou, School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Ave., Kowloon, Hong Kong 00852, China. E-mail: wenzhou@cityu.edu.hk
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