Editorial Type:
Article
Article Type:
Research Article

Vertical Wind Disturbances during a Strong Wind Event Observed by the PANSY Radar at Syowa Station, Antarctica

Yoshihiro Tomikawa National Institute of Polar Research and The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Tokyo, Japan

Search for other papers by Yoshihiro Tomikawa in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Masahiro Nomoto The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Search for other papers by Masahiro Nomoto in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Hiroaki Miura The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Search for other papers by Hiroaki Miura in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Masaki Tsutsumi National Institute of Polar Research and The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Tokyo, Japan

Search for other papers by Masaki Tsutsumi in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Koji Nishimura National Institute of Polar Research and The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Tokyo, Japan

Search for other papers by Koji Nishimura in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Takuji Nakamura National Institute of Polar Research and The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Tokyo, Japan

Search for other papers by Takuji Nakamura in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Hisao Yamagishi National Institute of Polar Research and The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Tokyo, Japan

Search for other papers by Hisao Yamagishi in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Takashi Yamanouchi National Institute of Polar Research and The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Tokyo, Japan

Search for other papers by Takashi Yamanouchi in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Toru Sato Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

Search for other papers by Toru Sato in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
, and
Kaoru Sato The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Search for other papers by Kaoru Sato in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
Print Publication:
01 May 2015
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-14-00289.1
Page(s):
1804–1821
Restricted access

Abstract

Characteristically strong vertical wind disturbances (VWDs) with magnitudes larger than 1 m s−1 were observed in the Antarctic troposphere using a new mesosphere–stratosphere–troposphere (MST) radar called the Program of the Antarctic Syowa MST/incoherent scatter (IS) Radar (PANSY) during 15–19 June 2012 at Syowa Station (69.0°S, 39.6°E). In the same period, two synoptic-scale cyclones approached Syowa Station and caused a strong wind event (SWE) at the surface. The VWDs observed during the SWE at Syowa Station had a nearly standing (i.e., no phase tilt with height) phase structure up to the tropopause and a power spectrum proportional to the − power of frequency. On the other hand, the observed VWDs were not associated with systematic horizontal momentum fluxes. Meteorological fields around Syowa Station during the SWE were successfully simulated using the Nonhydrostatic Icosahedral Atmospheric Model (NICAM). A strong VWD was also simulated at the model grid of 70.0°S, 40.0°E in NICAM, which had a standing phase structure similar to the observed ones. An analysis based on the Froude number showed that the simulated VWD was likely due to a hydraulic jump leeward of the coastal mountain ridge. The Scorer parameter analysis indicated that the observed VWDs at Syowa Station during 16–17 June 2012 were likely due to the hydraulic jump similar to that in NICAM. On the other hand, a possibility of lee waves was also suggested for the VWD observed on 18 June 2012.

Corresponding author address: Yoshihiro Tomikawa, National Institute of Polar Research, 10-3, Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan. E-mail: tomikawa@nipr.ac.jp

Abstract

Characteristically strong vertical wind disturbances (VWDs) with magnitudes larger than 1 m s−1 were observed in the Antarctic troposphere using a new mesosphere–stratosphere–troposphere (MST) radar called the Program of the Antarctic Syowa MST/incoherent scatter (IS) Radar (PANSY) during 15–19 June 2012 at Syowa Station (69.0°S, 39.6°E). In the same period, two synoptic-scale cyclones approached Syowa Station and caused a strong wind event (SWE) at the surface. The VWDs observed during the SWE at Syowa Station had a nearly standing (i.e., no phase tilt with height) phase structure up to the tropopause and a power spectrum proportional to the − power of frequency. On the other hand, the observed VWDs were not associated with systematic horizontal momentum fluxes. Meteorological fields around Syowa Station during the SWE were successfully simulated using the Nonhydrostatic Icosahedral Atmospheric Model (NICAM). A strong VWD was also simulated at the model grid of 70.0°S, 40.0°E in NICAM, which had a standing phase structure similar to the observed ones. An analysis based on the Froude number showed that the simulated VWD was likely due to a hydraulic jump leeward of the coastal mountain ridge. The Scorer parameter analysis indicated that the observed VWDs at Syowa Station during 16–17 June 2012 were likely due to the hydraulic jump similar to that in NICAM. On the other hand, a possibility of lee waves was also suggested for the VWD observed on 18 June 2012.

Corresponding author address: Yoshihiro Tomikawa, National Institute of Polar Research, 10-3, Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan. E-mail: tomikawa@nipr.ac.jp
Save
Cover Monthly Weather Review
Monthly Weather Review

  • Adams, N., 2004: A numerical modeling study of the weather in East Antarctica and the surrounding Southern Ocean. Wea. Forecasting, 19, 653–672, doi:10.1175/1520-0434(2004)019<0653:ANMSOT>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Arnault, J., and S. Kirkwood, 2012: Dynamical influence of gravity waves generated by the Vestfjella Mountains in Antarctica: Radar observations, fine-scale modelling and kinetic energy budget analysis. Tellus, 64A, 17261, doi:10.3402/tellusa.v64i0.17261.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Blackman, R. B., and J. W. Tukey, 1958: The Measurement of Power Spectra from the Point of view of Communication Engineering. Dover Publications, 190 pp.

  • Ecklund, W. L., B. B. Balsley, D. A. Carter, A. C. Riddle, M. Crochet, and R. Garello, 1985: Observations of vertical motions in the troposphere and lower stratosphere using three closely spaced ST radars. Radio Sci., 20, 1196–1206, doi:10.1029/RS020i006p01196.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Ecklund, W. L., K. S. Gage, G. D. Nastrom, and B. B. Balsley, 1986: A preliminary climatology of the spectrum of vertical velocity observed by clear-air Doppler radar. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 25, 885–892, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1986)025<0885:APCOTS>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Fudeyasu, H., Y. Wang, M. Satoh, T. Nasuno, H. Miura, and W. Yanase, 2008: Global cloud-system-resolving model NICAM successfully simulated the lifecycles of two real tropical cyclones. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L22808, doi:10.1029/2008GL036003.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • King, J. C., and J. Turner, 1997: Antarctic Meteorology and Climatology. Cambridge University Press, 409 pp.

  • Lin, Y. L., R. D. Farley, and H. D. Orville, 1983: Bulk parameterization of the snow field in a cloud model. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 22, 1065–1092, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1983)022<1065:BPOTSF>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Miura, H., M. Satoh, T. Nasuno, A. T. Noda, and K. Oouchi, 2007: A Madden–Julian Oscillation event simulated using a global cloud-resolving model. Science, 318, 1763–1765, doi:10.1126/science.1148443.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Nakanishi, M., and H. Niino, 2004: An improved Mellor–Yamada level-3 model with condensation physics: Its design and verification. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 112, 1–31, doi:10.1023/B:BOUN.0000020164.04146.98.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Nigro, M. A., J. J. Cassano, M. A. Lazzara, and L. M. Keller, 2012: Case study of a barrier wind corner jet off the coast of the Prince Olav Mountains, Antarctica. Mon. Wea. Rev., 140, 2044–2063, doi:10.1175/MWR-D-11-00261.1.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Parish, T. R., and D. H. Bromwich, 1987: The surface windfield over the Antarctic ice sheets. Nature, 328, 51–54, doi:10.1038/328051a0.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Rienecker, M., and Coauthors, 2011: MERRA: NASA’s Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications. J. Climate, 24, 3624–3648, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00015.1.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Sato, K., 1990: Vertical wind disturbances in the troposphere and lower stratosphere observed by the MU radar. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 2803–2817, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1990)047<2803:VWDITT>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Sato, K., and N. Hirasawa, 2007: Statistics of Antarctic surface meteorology based on hourly data in 1957-2007 at Syowa Station. Polar Sci., 1, 1–15, doi:10.1016/j.polar.2007.05.001.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Sato, K., and Coauthors, 2014: Program of the Antarctic Syowa MST/IS Radar (PANSY). J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 118A, 2–15, doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2013.08.022.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Satoh, M., T. Matsuno, H. Tomita, H. Miura, T. Nasuno, and S. Iga, 2008: Nonhydrostatic icosahedral atmospheric model (NICAM) for global cloud resolving simulations. J. Comput. Phys., 227, 3486–3514, doi:10.1016/j.jcp.2007.02.006.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Scorer, R., 1949: Theory of waves in the lee of mountains. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 75, 41–56, doi:10.1002/qj.49707532308.

  • Steinhoff, D. F., D. H. Bromwich, M. Lambertson, S. L. Knuth, and M. A. Lazzara, 2008: A dynamical investigation of the May 2004 McMurdo Antarctica severe wind event using AMPS. Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 7–26, doi:10.1175/2007MWR1999.1.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Tomita, H., 2008a: A stretched grid on a sphere by new grid transformation. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 86, 107–119, doi:10.2151/jmsj.86A.107.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Tomita, H., 2008b: New microphysics with five and six categories with diagnostic generation of cloud ice. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 86, 121–142, doi:10.2151/jmsj.86A.121.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Trenberth, K. E., 1991: Storm tracks in the Southern Hemisphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 2159–2178, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1991)048<2159:STITSH>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Turner, J., T. A. Lachlan-Cope, G. J. Marshall, S. Pendlebury, and N. Adams, 2001: An extreme wind event at Casey Station, Antarctica. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 7291–7311, doi:10.1029/2000JD900544.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Turner, J., S. N. Chenoli, A. Samah, G. Marshall, T. Phillips, and A. Orr, 2009: Strong wind events in the Antarctic. J. Geophys. Res., 114, D18103, doi:10.1029/2008JD011642.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Valkonen, T., T. Vihma, S. Kirkwood, and M. M. Johansson, 2010: Fine-scale model simulation of gravity waves generated by Basen nunatak in Antarctica. Tellus, 62A, 319–332, doi:10.1111/j.1600-0870.2010.00443.x.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Vincent, R. A., and I. M. Reid, 1983: HF Doppler measurements of mesospheric gravity wave momentum fluxes. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 1321–1333, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1983)040<1321:HDMOMG>2.0.CO;2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • WMO, 1957: Meteorology—A three-dimensional science. WMO Bull., 6, 134–138.

All Time Past Year Past 30 Days
Abstract Views 0 0 0
Full Text Views 3087 2663 105
PDF Downloads 230 44 5