Editorial Type:
Article
Article Type:
Research Article

Skill, Predictability, and Cluster Analysis of Atlantic Tropical Storms and Hurricanes in the ECMWF Monthly Forecasts

Suzana J. Camargo aLamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York

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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0802-5160
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Frédéric Vitart bEuropean Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, United Kingdom

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Chia-Ying Lee aLamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York

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Michael K. Tippett cDepartment of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York

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Online Publication:
03 Nov 2021
Print Publication:
01 Nov 2021
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-21-0075.1
Page(s):
3781–3802
Restricted access

Abstract

In this paper we analyze Atlantic Ocean hurricane activity in the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) monthly hindcasts for the period 1998–2017. The main climatological characteristics of Atlantic tropical cyclone (TC) activity are considered at different lead times and across the entire ECMWF ensemble using three diagnostic variables: the number of tropical cyclones, the number of hurricanes, and the accumulated cyclone energy. The impacts of changing horizontal resolution and stochastic parameterization are clear in these diagnostic variables. The model skill scores for the number of tropical cyclones and accumulated cyclone energy by lead time are also computed. Using cluster analysis, we compare the characteristics of the forecast TC tracks with observations. Although four of the ECMWF clusters have similar characteristics to observed ones, one of the ECMWF clusters does not have a corresponding one in observations. We consider the predictability of each of these clusters, as well the modulation of their frequency by climate modes, such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation and the Madden–Julian oscillation, taking advantage of the very large sample size of TC datasets in these hindcasts.

© 2021 American Meteorological Society. For information regarding reuse of this content and general copyright information, consult the AMS Copyright Policy (www.ametsoc.org/PUBSReuseLicenses).

Corresponding author: Suzana J. Camargo, suzana@ldeo.columbia.edu

Abstract

In this paper we analyze Atlantic Ocean hurricane activity in the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) monthly hindcasts for the period 1998–2017. The main climatological characteristics of Atlantic tropical cyclone (TC) activity are considered at different lead times and across the entire ECMWF ensemble using three diagnostic variables: the number of tropical cyclones, the number of hurricanes, and the accumulated cyclone energy. The impacts of changing horizontal resolution and stochastic parameterization are clear in these diagnostic variables. The model skill scores for the number of tropical cyclones and accumulated cyclone energy by lead time are also computed. Using cluster analysis, we compare the characteristics of the forecast TC tracks with observations. Although four of the ECMWF clusters have similar characteristics to observed ones, one of the ECMWF clusters does not have a corresponding one in observations. We consider the predictability of each of these clusters, as well the modulation of their frequency by climate modes, such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation and the Madden–Julian oscillation, taking advantage of the very large sample size of TC datasets in these hindcasts.

© 2021 American Meteorological Society. For information regarding reuse of this content and general copyright information, consult the AMS Copyright Policy (www.ametsoc.org/PUBSReuseLicenses).

Corresponding author: Suzana J. Camargo, suzana@ldeo.columbia.edu
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