Abstract
This article presents a solution for the linear response of a 2½-layer ventilated thermocline to large-scale periodic wind forcing, with a fixed outcrop latitude. At the eastern boundary, a Rossby wave whose vertical structure is similar to the first baroclinic mode is generated and propagates westward in the shadow zone. Meanwhile, the wave is unstable and amplified westward in the southern region. In the ventilated zone, in addition to the first-mode Rossby wave generated at the eastern boundary, two waves with second mode–like vertical structures are generated. One wave is generated directly by the wind over the outcrop. This wave has a zero zonal wavenumber and southwestward group velocity, such that the eastern edge of the wave migrates westward as it propagates southward. The other wave is generated by interaction between the westward-propagating, first-mode Rossby wave and the outcrop. The zonal wavenumber is the same as that of the first mode at the outcrop, and the phase of the wave propagates southwestward. The crests and troughs of this wave extend across the ventilated zone from the outcrop to the internal boundary between the shadow zone and the ventilated zone.
