Editorial Type:
Article
Article Type:
Research Article

Role of Mesoscale Eddies in Cross-Frontal Transport of Heat and Biogeochemical Tracers in the Southern Ocean

Carolina O. Dufour * Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey

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Stephen M. Griffies NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey

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Gregory F. de Souza * Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey

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Ivy Frenger * Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey

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Adele K. Morrison * Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey

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Jaime B. Palter Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

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Jorge L. Sarmiento * Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey

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Eric D. Galbraith Department of Earth and Planetary Science, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

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John P. Dunne NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey

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Whit G. Anderson NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey

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Richard D. Slater * Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey

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Print Publication:
01 Dec 2015
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-14-0240.1
Page(s):
3057–3081
Restricted access

Abstract

This study examines the role of processes transporting tracers across the Polar Front (PF) in the depth interval between the surface and major topographic sills, which this study refers to as the “PF core.” A preindustrial control simulation of an eddying climate model coupled to a biogeochemical model [GFDL Climate Model, version 2.6 (CM2.6)– simplified version of the Biogeochemistry with Light Iron Nutrients and Gas (miniBLING) 0.1° ocean model] is used to investigate the transport of heat, carbon, oxygen, and phosphate across the PF core, with a particular focus on the role of mesoscale eddies. The authors find that the total transport across the PF core results from a ubiquitous Ekman transport that drives the upwelled tracers to the north and a localized opposing eddy transport that induces tracer leakages to the south at major topographic obstacles. In the Ekman layer, the southward eddy transport only partially compensates the northward Ekman transport, while below the Ekman layer, the southward eddy transport dominates the total transport but remains much smaller in magnitude than the near-surface northward transport. Most of the southward branch of the total transport is achieved below the PF core, mainly through geostrophic currents. This study finds that the eddy-diffusive transport reinforces the southward eddy-advective transport for carbon and heat, and opposes it for oxygen and phosphate. Eddy-advective transport is likely to be the leading-order component of eddy-induced transport for all four tracers. However, eddy-diffusive transport may provide a significant contribution to the southward eddy heat transport due to strong along-isopycnal temperature gradients.

Denotes Open Access content.

Current affiliation: ETH Zurich, Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology, Zurich, Switzerland.

Current affiliation: Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island.

Corresponding author address: Carolina O. Dufour, Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, 300 Forrestal Road, Sayre Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544. E-mail: cdufour@princeton.edu

Abstract

This study examines the role of processes transporting tracers across the Polar Front (PF) in the depth interval between the surface and major topographic sills, which this study refers to as the “PF core.” A preindustrial control simulation of an eddying climate model coupled to a biogeochemical model [GFDL Climate Model, version 2.6 (CM2.6)– simplified version of the Biogeochemistry with Light Iron Nutrients and Gas (miniBLING) 0.1° ocean model] is used to investigate the transport of heat, carbon, oxygen, and phosphate across the PF core, with a particular focus on the role of mesoscale eddies. The authors find that the total transport across the PF core results from a ubiquitous Ekman transport that drives the upwelled tracers to the north and a localized opposing eddy transport that induces tracer leakages to the south at major topographic obstacles. In the Ekman layer, the southward eddy transport only partially compensates the northward Ekman transport, while below the Ekman layer, the southward eddy transport dominates the total transport but remains much smaller in magnitude than the near-surface northward transport. Most of the southward branch of the total transport is achieved below the PF core, mainly through geostrophic currents. This study finds that the eddy-diffusive transport reinforces the southward eddy-advective transport for carbon and heat, and opposes it for oxygen and phosphate. Eddy-advective transport is likely to be the leading-order component of eddy-induced transport for all four tracers. However, eddy-diffusive transport may provide a significant contribution to the southward eddy heat transport due to strong along-isopycnal temperature gradients.

Denotes Open Access content.

Current affiliation: ETH Zurich, Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology, Zurich, Switzerland.

Current affiliation: Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island.

Corresponding author address: Carolina O. Dufour, Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, 300 Forrestal Road, Sayre Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544. E-mail: cdufour@princeton.edu
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