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Article Type:
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Interaction between the Tidal and Seasonal Variability of the Gulf of Maine and Scotian Shelf Region

Anna Katavouta Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

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Keith R. Thompson Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

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Youyu Lu Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada

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John W. Loder Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada

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Print Publication:
01 Nov 2016
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-15-0091.1
Page(s):
3279–3298
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Abstract

As part of a broader study of ocean downscaling, the seasonal and tidal variability of the Gulf of Maine and Scotian shelf, and their dynamical interaction, are investigated using a high-resolution (1/36°) circulation model. The model’s seasonal hydrography and circulation, and its tidal elevations and currents, are compared with an observed seasonal climatology, local observations, and results from previous studies. Numerical experiments with and without density stratification demonstrate the influence of stratification on the tides. The model is then used to interpret the physical mechanisms responsible for the largest seasonal variations in the M2 surface current that occur over, and to the north of, Georges Bank. The model generates a striation pattern of alternating highs and lows, aligned with Georges Bank, in the M2 surface summer maximum speed in the Gulf of Maine. The striations are consistent with observations by a high-frequency coastal radar system and can be explained in terms of a linear superposition of the barotropic tide and the first-mode baroclinic tide, generated on the north side of Georges Bank, as it propagates into the Gulf of Maine. The seasonal changes in tidal currents in the well-mixed area on Georges Bank are due to a combination of increased sea level gradients, and lower vertical viscosity, in summer.

Denotes Open Access content.

Corresponding author address: Anna Katavouta, Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford St., Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. E-mail: a.katavouta@dal.ca

Abstract

As part of a broader study of ocean downscaling, the seasonal and tidal variability of the Gulf of Maine and Scotian shelf, and their dynamical interaction, are investigated using a high-resolution (1/36°) circulation model. The model’s seasonal hydrography and circulation, and its tidal elevations and currents, are compared with an observed seasonal climatology, local observations, and results from previous studies. Numerical experiments with and without density stratification demonstrate the influence of stratification on the tides. The model is then used to interpret the physical mechanisms responsible for the largest seasonal variations in the M2 surface current that occur over, and to the north of, Georges Bank. The model generates a striation pattern of alternating highs and lows, aligned with Georges Bank, in the M2 surface summer maximum speed in the Gulf of Maine. The striations are consistent with observations by a high-frequency coastal radar system and can be explained in terms of a linear superposition of the barotropic tide and the first-mode baroclinic tide, generated on the north side of Georges Bank, as it propagates into the Gulf of Maine. The seasonal changes in tidal currents in the well-mixed area on Georges Bank are due to a combination of increased sea level gradients, and lower vertical viscosity, in summer.

Denotes Open Access content.

Corresponding author address: Anna Katavouta, Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford St., Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. E-mail: a.katavouta@dal.ca
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