Editorial Type:
Article
Article Type:
Research Article

Enhanced Diapycnal Diffusivity in Intrusive Regions of the Drake Passage

Sophia T. Merrifield Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Joint Program, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts

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Louis St. Laurent Department of Physical Oceanography, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts

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Breck Owens Department of Physical Oceanography, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts

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Andreas M. Thurnherr Division of Ocean and Climate Physics, Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, New York

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John M. Toole Department of Physical Oceanography, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts

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Print Publication:
01 Apr 2016
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The Diapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Experiment in the Southern Ocean (DIMES)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-15-0068.1
Page(s):
1309–1321
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Abstract

Direct measurements of oceanic turbulent parameters were taken upstream of and across Drake Passage, in the region of the Subantarctic and Polar Fronts. Values of turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate ε estimated by microstructure are up to two orders of magnitude lower than previously published estimates in the upper 1000 m. Turbulence levels in Drake Passage are systematically higher than values upstream, regardless of season. The dissipation of thermal variance χ is enhanced at middepth throughout the surveys, with the highest values found in northern Drake Passage, where water mass variability is the most pronounced. Using the density ratio, evidence for double-diffusive instability is presented. Subject to double-diffusive physics, the estimates of diffusivity using the Osborn–Cox method are larger than ensemble statistics based on ε and the buoyancy frequency.

Corresponding author address: Sophia T. Merrifield, MIT/WHOI Joint Program, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Rd., MS29, Woods Hole, MA 02543. E-mail: stm@mit.edu

This article is included in the The Diapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Experiment in the Southern Ocean (DIMES) Special Collection.

Abstract

Direct measurements of oceanic turbulent parameters were taken upstream of and across Drake Passage, in the region of the Subantarctic and Polar Fronts. Values of turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate ε estimated by microstructure are up to two orders of magnitude lower than previously published estimates in the upper 1000 m. Turbulence levels in Drake Passage are systematically higher than values upstream, regardless of season. The dissipation of thermal variance χ is enhanced at middepth throughout the surveys, with the highest values found in northern Drake Passage, where water mass variability is the most pronounced. Using the density ratio, evidence for double-diffusive instability is presented. Subject to double-diffusive physics, the estimates of diffusivity using the Osborn–Cox method are larger than ensemble statistics based on ε and the buoyancy frequency.

Corresponding author address: Sophia T. Merrifield, MIT/WHOI Joint Program, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Rd., MS29, Woods Hole, MA 02543. E-mail: stm@mit.edu

This article is included in the The Diapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Experiment in the Southern Ocean (DIMES) Special Collection.

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