Chen, G., and S. E. Belcher, 2000: Effects of long waves on wind-generated waves. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 30, 2246–2256, doi:10.1175/1520-0485(2000)030<2246:EOLWOW>2.0.CO;2.
Davidson, K. L., and A. J. Frank, 1973: Wave-related fluctuations in the airflow above natural waves. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 3, 102–119, doi:10.1175/1520-0485(1973)003<0102:WRFITA>2.0.CO;2.
Dobson, F. W., 1971: Measurements of atmospheric pressure on wind-generated sea waves. J. Fluid Mech., 48, 91–127, doi:10.1017/S0022112071001496.
Donelan, M. A., 1987: The effect of swell on the growth of wind waves. Johns Hopkins APL Tech. Dig., 8, 18–23.
Donelan, M. A., 1990: Air-sea interaction. Ocean Engineering Science, B. LeMéhauté and D. Hanes, Eds., The Sea—Ideas and Observations on Progress in the Study of the Seas, Vol. 9, John Wiley and Sons, 239–292.
Donelan, M. A., 1999: Wind-induced growth and attenuation of laboratory waves. Wind-over-Wave Couplings: Perspectives and Prospects, S. G. Sajjadi, N. H. Thomas, and J. C. R. Hunt, Eds., Oxford University Press, 183–194.
Donelan, M. A., W. M. Drennan, and K. B. Katsaros, 1997: The air–sea momentum flux in conditions of mixed wind sea and swell. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 27, 2087–2099, doi:10.1175/1520-0485(1997)027<2087:TASMFI>2.0.CO;2.
Donelan, M. A., N. Madsen, K. K. Kahma, I. K. Tsanis, and W. M. Drennan, 1999: Apparatus for atmospheric surface layer measurements over waves. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 16, 1172–1182, doi:10.1175/1520-0426(1999)016<1172:AFASLM>2.0.CO;2.
Donelan, M. A., A. V. Babanin, I. R. Young, and M. L. Banner, 2006: Wave-follower field measurements of the wind-input spectral function part ii: Parameterization of the wind input. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 36, 1672–1689, doi:10.1175/JPO2933.1.
Drennan, W. M., K. Kahma, and M. Donelan, 1999: On momentum flux and velocity spectra over waves. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 92, 489–515, doi:10.1023/A:1002054820455.
Elliott, J. A., 1972a: Instrumentation for measuring static pressure fluctuations within the atmospheric boundary layer. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 2, 476–495, doi:10.1007/BF00821550.
Elliott, J. A., 1972b: Microscale pressure fluctuations measured within the lower atmospheric boundary layer. J. Fluid Mech., 53, 351–384, doi:10.1017/S0022112072000199.
Geernaert, G. L., K. L. Davidson, S. E. Larsen, and T. Mikkelson, 1988: Wind stress measurements during the tower ocean wave and radar dependence experiment. J. Geophys. Res., 93, 13 913–13 923, doi:10.1029/JC093iC11p13913.
Grachev, A. A., and C. W. Fairall, 2001: Upward momentum transfer in the marine boundary layer. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 31, 1698–1711, doi:10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<1698:UMTITM>2.0.CO;2.
Hanley, K. E., and S. E. Belcher, 2008: Wave-driven wind jets in the marine atmospheric boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 2646–2660, doi:10.1175/2007JAS2562.1.
Harris, D. L., 1966: The wave-driven wind. J. Atmos. Sci., 23, 688–693, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1966)023<0688:TWDW>2.0.CO;2.
Hasselmann, D., and J. Bösenberg, 1991: Field measurements of wave-induced pressure over wind-sea and swell. J. Fluid Mech., 230, 391–428, doi:10.1017/S0022112091000848.
Högström, U., A. S. Smedman, E. Sahlée, W. M. Drennan, K. K. Kahma, H. Pettersson, and F. Zhang, 2009: The atmospheric boundary layer during swell: A field study and interpretation of the turbulent kinetic energy budget for high wave ages. J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 2764–2779, doi:10.1175/2009JAS2973.1.
Högström, U., A. Rutgersson, E. Sahlée, A. S. Smedman, T. S. Hristov, W. M. Drennan, and K. K. Kahma, 2013: Air-sea interaction features in the Baltic Sea and at a pacific trade wind site: An intercomparison study. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 147, 139–163, doi:10.1007/s10546-012-9776-8.
Högström, U., E. Sahlée, A. S. Smedman, A. Rutgersson, E. Nilsson, K. K. Kahma, and W. M. Drennan, 2015: Surface stress over the ocean in swell-dominated conditions during moderate winds. J. Atmos. Sci., 72, 4777–4795, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-15-0139.1.
Hristov, T. S., C. Friehe, and S. Miller, 1998: Wave-coherent fields in air flow over ocean waves: identification of cooperative behavior buried in turbulence. Phys. Rev. Lett., 81, 5245–5248, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.5245.
Hsiao, S. V., and O. H. Shemdin, 1983: Measurements of wind velocity and pressure with a wave follower during Marsen. J. Geophys. Res., 88, 9841–9849, doi:10.1029/JC088iC14p09841.
Kahma, K. K., 1981: A study of the growth of the wave spectrum with fetch. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 11, 1503–1515, doi:10.1175/1520-0485(1981)011<1503:ASOTGO>2.0.CO;2.
Kudryavtsev, V. N., and V. K. Makin, 2004: Impact of swell on the marine atmospheric boundary layer. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 34, 934–949, doi:10.1175/1520-0485(2004)034<0934:IOSOTM>2.0.CO;2.
Makin, V. K., H. Branger, W. L. Peirson, and J. P. Giovanangeli, 2007: Stress above wind-plus-paddle waves: Modeling of a laboratory experiment. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 37, 2824–2837, doi:10.1175/2007JPO3550.1.
Makova, V. I., 1975: Features of the dynamics of turbulence in the marine atmospheric surface layer at various stages in the development of waves. Izv., Atmos. Ocean. Phys., 11, 297–307.
Miles, J. W., 1957: On the generation of waves by shear flows. J. Fluid Mech., 3, 185–204, doi:10.1017/S0022112057000567.
Mitsuyasu, H., 1966: Interactions between water waves and wind (1). Rep. Inst. Appl. Mech. Kyushu Univ., 14, 67–88.
Peirson, W. L., A. W. Garcia, and S. E. Pells, 2003: Water wave attenuation due to opposing wind. J. Fluid Mech., 487, 345–365, doi:10.1017/S0022112003004750.
Phillips, O. M., and M. L. Banner, 1974: Wave breaking in the presence of wind drift and swell. J. Fluid Mech., 66, 625–640, doi:10.1017/S0022112074000413.
Plant, W. J., 1982: A relationship between stress and wave slope. J. Geophys. Res., 87, 1961–1967, doi:10.1029/JC087iC03p01961.
Rieder, K. F., 1997: Analysis of sea-surface drag parameterizations in open ocean conditions. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 82, 355–377, doi:10.1023/A:1000289415922.
Semedo, A., O. Saetra, A. Rutgersson, K. K. Kahma, and H. Pettersson, 2009: Wave induced wind in the marine boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 2256–2271, doi:10.1175/2009JAS3018.1.
Smedman, A. S., U. Högström, H. Bergström, A. Rutgersson, K. K. Kahma, and H. Pettersson, 1999: A case study of air-sea interaction during swell conditions. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 25 833–25 852, doi:10.1029/1999JC900213.
Smedman, A. S., X. Guo Larsén, U. Högström, K. K. Kahma, and H. Pettersson, 2003: Effect of sea state on the momentum exchange over the sea during neutral conditions. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 3367, doi:10.1029/2002JC001526.
Smedman, A. S., U. Högström, E. Sahlée, W. M. Drennan, K. K. Kahma, H. Pettersson, and F. Zhang, 2009: Observational study of marine atmospheric boundary layer characteristics during swell. J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 2747–2763, doi:10.1175/2009JAS2952.1.
Snyder, R. L., 1974: A field study of wave-induced pressure fluctuations above surface gravity waves. J. Mar. Res., 32, 497–531.
Snyder, R. L., F. W. Dobson, J. A. Elliot, and R. B. Long, 1981: Array measurements of atmospheric pressure fluctuations above gravity waves. J. Fluid Mech., 102, 1–59, doi:10.1017/S0022112081002528.
Sullivan, P. P., J. B. Edson, T. Hristov, and J. C. McWilliams, 2008: Large eddy simulations and observations of atmospheric marine boundary layers above non-equilibrium surface waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 1225–1245, doi:10.1175/2007JAS2427.1.
Terray, E. A., M. A. Donelan, Y. C. Agrawal, W. M. Drennan, K. K. Kahma, A. J. Williams III, P. A. Hwang, and S. A. Kitaigorodskii, 1996: Estimates of kinetic energy dissipation under breaking waves. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 26, 792–807, doi:10.1175/1520-0485(1996)026<0792:EOKEDU>2.0.CO;2.
Volkov, Y. A., 1970: Turbulent flux of momentum and heat in the atmospheric surface layer over a disturbed sea-surface. Izv., Atmos. Ocean. Phys., 6, 770–774.
Young, I. R., and R. J. Sobey, 1985: Measurements of the wind-wave energy flux in an opposing wind. J. Fluid Mech., 151, 427–442, doi:10.1017/S0022112085001033.
| All Time | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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Displayed acceptance dates for articles published prior to 2023 are approximate to within a week. If needed, exact acceptance dates can be obtained by emailing amsjol@ametsoc.org.
Measurements of pressure near the surface in conditions of wind sea and swell are reported. Swell, or waves that overrun the wind, produces an upward flux of energy and momentum from waves to the wind and corresponding attenuation of the swell waves. The estimates of growth of wind sea are consistent with existing parameterizations. The attenuation of swell in the field is considerably smaller than existing measurements in the laboratory.
Denotes Open Access content.
Measurements of pressure near the surface in conditions of wind sea and swell are reported. Swell, or waves that overrun the wind, produces an upward flux of energy and momentum from waves to the wind and corresponding attenuation of the swell waves. The estimates of growth of wind sea are consistent with existing parameterizations. The attenuation of swell in the field is considerably smaller than existing measurements in the laboratory.
Denotes Open Access content.
Chen, G., and S. E. Belcher, 2000: Effects of long waves on wind-generated waves. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 30, 2246–2256, doi:10.1175/1520-0485(2000)030<2246:EOLWOW>2.0.CO;2.
Davidson, K. L., and A. J. Frank, 1973: Wave-related fluctuations in the airflow above natural waves. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 3, 102–119, doi:10.1175/1520-0485(1973)003<0102:WRFITA>2.0.CO;2.
Dobson, F. W., 1971: Measurements of atmospheric pressure on wind-generated sea waves. J. Fluid Mech., 48, 91–127, doi:10.1017/S0022112071001496.
Donelan, M. A., 1987: The effect of swell on the growth of wind waves. Johns Hopkins APL Tech. Dig., 8, 18–23.
Donelan, M. A., 1990: Air-sea interaction. Ocean Engineering Science, B. LeMéhauté and D. Hanes, Eds., The Sea—Ideas and Observations on Progress in the Study of the Seas, Vol. 9, John Wiley and Sons, 239–292.
Donelan, M. A., 1999: Wind-induced growth and attenuation of laboratory waves. Wind-over-Wave Couplings: Perspectives and Prospects, S. G. Sajjadi, N. H. Thomas, and J. C. R. Hunt, Eds., Oxford University Press, 183–194.
Donelan, M. A., W. M. Drennan, and K. B. Katsaros, 1997: The air–sea momentum flux in conditions of mixed wind sea and swell. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 27, 2087–2099, doi:10.1175/1520-0485(1997)027<2087:TASMFI>2.0.CO;2.
Donelan, M. A., N. Madsen, K. K. Kahma, I. K. Tsanis, and W. M. Drennan, 1999: Apparatus for atmospheric surface layer measurements over waves. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 16, 1172–1182, doi:10.1175/1520-0426(1999)016<1172:AFASLM>2.0.CO;2.
Donelan, M. A., A. V. Babanin, I. R. Young, and M. L. Banner, 2006: Wave-follower field measurements of the wind-input spectral function part ii: Parameterization of the wind input. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 36, 1672–1689, doi:10.1175/JPO2933.1.
Drennan, W. M., K. Kahma, and M. Donelan, 1999: On momentum flux and velocity spectra over waves. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 92, 489–515, doi:10.1023/A:1002054820455.
Elliott, J. A., 1972a: Instrumentation for measuring static pressure fluctuations within the atmospheric boundary layer. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 2, 476–495, doi:10.1007/BF00821550.
Elliott, J. A., 1972b: Microscale pressure fluctuations measured within the lower atmospheric boundary layer. J. Fluid Mech., 53, 351–384, doi:10.1017/S0022112072000199.
Geernaert, G. L., K. L. Davidson, S. E. Larsen, and T. Mikkelson, 1988: Wind stress measurements during the tower ocean wave and radar dependence experiment. J. Geophys. Res., 93, 13 913–13 923, doi:10.1029/JC093iC11p13913.
Grachev, A. A., and C. W. Fairall, 2001: Upward momentum transfer in the marine boundary layer. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 31, 1698–1711, doi:10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<1698:UMTITM>2.0.CO;2.
Hanley, K. E., and S. E. Belcher, 2008: Wave-driven wind jets in the marine atmospheric boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 2646–2660, doi:10.1175/2007JAS2562.1.
Harris, D. L., 1966: The wave-driven wind. J. Atmos. Sci., 23, 688–693, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1966)023<0688:TWDW>2.0.CO;2.
Hasselmann, D., and J. Bösenberg, 1991: Field measurements of wave-induced pressure over wind-sea and swell. J. Fluid Mech., 230, 391–428, doi:10.1017/S0022112091000848.
Högström, U., A. S. Smedman, E. Sahlée, W. M. Drennan, K. K. Kahma, H. Pettersson, and F. Zhang, 2009: The atmospheric boundary layer during swell: A field study and interpretation of the turbulent kinetic energy budget for high wave ages. J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 2764–2779, doi:10.1175/2009JAS2973.1.
Högström, U., A. Rutgersson, E. Sahlée, A. S. Smedman, T. S. Hristov, W. M. Drennan, and K. K. Kahma, 2013: Air-sea interaction features in the Baltic Sea and at a pacific trade wind site: An intercomparison study. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 147, 139–163, doi:10.1007/s10546-012-9776-8.
Högström, U., E. Sahlée, A. S. Smedman, A. Rutgersson, E. Nilsson, K. K. Kahma, and W. M. Drennan, 2015: Surface stress over the ocean in swell-dominated conditions during moderate winds. J. Atmos. Sci., 72, 4777–4795, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-15-0139.1.
Hristov, T. S., C. Friehe, and S. Miller, 1998: Wave-coherent fields in air flow over ocean waves: identification of cooperative behavior buried in turbulence. Phys. Rev. Lett., 81, 5245–5248, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.5245.
Hsiao, S. V., and O. H. Shemdin, 1983: Measurements of wind velocity and pressure with a wave follower during Marsen. J. Geophys. Res., 88, 9841–9849, doi:10.1029/JC088iC14p09841.
Kahma, K. K., 1981: A study of the growth of the wave spectrum with fetch. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 11, 1503–1515, doi:10.1175/1520-0485(1981)011<1503:ASOTGO>2.0.CO;2.
Kudryavtsev, V. N., and V. K. Makin, 2004: Impact of swell on the marine atmospheric boundary layer. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 34, 934–949, doi:10.1175/1520-0485(2004)034<0934:IOSOTM>2.0.CO;2.
Makin, V. K., H. Branger, W. L. Peirson, and J. P. Giovanangeli, 2007: Stress above wind-plus-paddle waves: Modeling of a laboratory experiment. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 37, 2824–2837, doi:10.1175/2007JPO3550.1.
Makova, V. I., 1975: Features of the dynamics of turbulence in the marine atmospheric surface layer at various stages in the development of waves. Izv., Atmos. Ocean. Phys., 11, 297–307.
Miles, J. W., 1957: On the generation of waves by shear flows. J. Fluid Mech., 3, 185–204, doi:10.1017/S0022112057000567.
Mitsuyasu, H., 1966: Interactions between water waves and wind (1). Rep. Inst. Appl. Mech. Kyushu Univ., 14, 67–88.
Peirson, W. L., A. W. Garcia, and S. E. Pells, 2003: Water wave attenuation due to opposing wind. J. Fluid Mech., 487, 345–365, doi:10.1017/S0022112003004750.
Phillips, O. M., and M. L. Banner, 1974: Wave breaking in the presence of wind drift and swell. J. Fluid Mech., 66, 625–640, doi:10.1017/S0022112074000413.
Plant, W. J., 1982: A relationship between stress and wave slope. J. Geophys. Res., 87, 1961–1967, doi:10.1029/JC087iC03p01961.
Rieder, K. F., 1997: Analysis of sea-surface drag parameterizations in open ocean conditions. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 82, 355–377, doi:10.1023/A:1000289415922.
Semedo, A., O. Saetra, A. Rutgersson, K. K. Kahma, and H. Pettersson, 2009: Wave induced wind in the marine boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 2256–2271, doi:10.1175/2009JAS3018.1.
Smedman, A. S., U. Högström, H. Bergström, A. Rutgersson, K. K. Kahma, and H. Pettersson, 1999: A case study of air-sea interaction during swell conditions. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 25 833–25 852, doi:10.1029/1999JC900213.
Smedman, A. S., X. Guo Larsén, U. Högström, K. K. Kahma, and H. Pettersson, 2003: Effect of sea state on the momentum exchange over the sea during neutral conditions. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 3367, doi:10.1029/2002JC001526.
Smedman, A. S., U. Högström, E. Sahlée, W. M. Drennan, K. K. Kahma, H. Pettersson, and F. Zhang, 2009: Observational study of marine atmospheric boundary layer characteristics during swell. J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 2747–2763, doi:10.1175/2009JAS2952.1.
Snyder, R. L., 1974: A field study of wave-induced pressure fluctuations above surface gravity waves. J. Mar. Res., 32, 497–531.
Snyder, R. L., F. W. Dobson, J. A. Elliot, and R. B. Long, 1981: Array measurements of atmospheric pressure fluctuations above gravity waves. J. Fluid Mech., 102, 1–59, doi:10.1017/S0022112081002528.
Sullivan, P. P., J. B. Edson, T. Hristov, and J. C. McWilliams, 2008: Large eddy simulations and observations of atmospheric marine boundary layers above non-equilibrium surface waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 1225–1245, doi:10.1175/2007JAS2427.1.
Terray, E. A., M. A. Donelan, Y. C. Agrawal, W. M. Drennan, K. K. Kahma, A. J. Williams III, P. A. Hwang, and S. A. Kitaigorodskii, 1996: Estimates of kinetic energy dissipation under breaking waves. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 26, 792–807, doi:10.1175/1520-0485(1996)026<0792:EOKEDU>2.0.CO;2.
Volkov, Y. A., 1970: Turbulent flux of momentum and heat in the atmospheric surface layer over a disturbed sea-surface. Izv., Atmos. Ocean. Phys., 6, 770–774.
Young, I. R., and R. J. Sobey, 1985: Measurements of the wind-wave energy flux in an opposing wind. J. Fluid Mech., 151, 427–442, doi:10.1017/S0022112085001033.
| All Time | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Full Text Views | 481 | 178 | 12 |
| PDF Downloads | 280 | 86 | 12 |
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