Improving Policy for Stormwater Management: Implications for Climate Change Adaptation

Lee Tryhorn Northeast Regional Climate Center, New York State Water Resources Institute, and Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York

Search for other papers by Lee Tryhorn in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
Restricted access

We are aware of a technical issue preventing figures and tables from showing in some newly published articles in the full-text HTML view.
While we are resolving the problem, please use the online PDF version of these articles to view figures and tables.

Abstract

Lack of local information on climate change impacts is increasingly recognized as an important barrier to progress in adaptation. However, simply providing decision makers with higher-resolution climate information will not ensure successful adaptation. In order for there to be appropriate information uptake and use, it is essential to understand the political constraints and conditions under which decision makers operate. A detailed examination of the current regulatory context in relation to climate and weather impacts can provide insight into the barriers and obstacles affecting decision makers in adaptation endeavors.

This study examines the experiences of the municipalities of Tompkins County, New York, as they attempt to manage stormwater in compliance with federally mandated regulations. The current policies fail to adequately address the fundamental problems affecting local government in New York: fragmented jurisdiction, interagency communication, inability to cope with unfunded mandates, enforcement, and the promotion of informed decision making. The way forward may be the adaptive governance approach for the management of complex environmental issues. This article is intended to serve as an initial model for other university-based researchers that are interested in serving their local communities with weather, climate, and policy research and are willing to engage in the complexities involved.

Corresponding author address: Lee Tryhorn, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Science, Cornell University, 1121 Bradfield Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853. Email: lee.tryhorn@cornell.edu

Abstract

Lack of local information on climate change impacts is increasingly recognized as an important barrier to progress in adaptation. However, simply providing decision makers with higher-resolution climate information will not ensure successful adaptation. In order for there to be appropriate information uptake and use, it is essential to understand the political constraints and conditions under which decision makers operate. A detailed examination of the current regulatory context in relation to climate and weather impacts can provide insight into the barriers and obstacles affecting decision makers in adaptation endeavors.

This study examines the experiences of the municipalities of Tompkins County, New York, as they attempt to manage stormwater in compliance with federally mandated regulations. The current policies fail to adequately address the fundamental problems affecting local government in New York: fragmented jurisdiction, interagency communication, inability to cope with unfunded mandates, enforcement, and the promotion of informed decision making. The way forward may be the adaptive governance approach for the management of complex environmental issues. This article is intended to serve as an initial model for other university-based researchers that are interested in serving their local communities with weather, climate, and policy research and are willing to engage in the complexities involved.

Corresponding author address: Lee Tryhorn, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Science, Cornell University, 1121 Bradfield Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853. Email: lee.tryhorn@cornell.edu

Save
  • Adger, W. N., Arnell N. W. , and Tompkins E. L. , 2005: Successful adaptation to climate change across scales. Global Environ. Change, 15A , 7786.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Banks, J. S., and Weingast B. R. , 1992: The political control of bureaucracies under asymmetric information. Amer. J. Polit. Sci., 36 , 509524.

  • Brooks, N., and Adger W. , 2005: Assessing and enhancing adaptive capacity. Adaptation Policy Frameworks for Climate Change, B. Lim et al., Eds., Cambridge University Press, 165–181.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Brunner, R. D., Steelman T. A. , Coe-Juell L. , Cromley C. M. , Edwards C. M. , and Tucker D. W. , 2005: Adaptive Governance: Integrating Science, Policy and Decision Making. Columbia University Press, 319 pp.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Calamita, F. P., 2001: Stormwater control and the TDMP program: The next Clean Water Act battleground. Stormwater, 1 .[Available online at http://www.stormh2o.com/march-april-2001/stormwater-control-tmdl.aspx].

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • California State Water Resources Control Board, cited. 2008: Draft fact sheet for Water Quality Order 2008-XX-DWQ for National Pollution Discharge Elimination Systems (NYDES) general permit for storm water discharges associated with construction activity. [Available online at http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/stormwater/historical.shtml#con].

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Clary, J., Jones J. E. , Urbonas B. R. , Quigley M. M. , Strecker E. , and Wagner T. , 2008: Can stormwater BMPs remove bacteria? New findings from the International Stormwater BMP database. Stormwater, 8. .[Available online at http://www.stormh2o.com/may-2008/bacterial-research-bmps.aspx].

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • ClimAID, cited. 2010: Integrated assessment for effective climate change adaptation strategies in New York state. New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, 2 pp. [Available online at http://www.nyserda.org/programs/environment/EMEP/10851_project_update.pdf].

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • DEC, 2000: New York State Water Quality 305(b) report. New York Department of Environmental Conservation, 388 pp.

  • DEC, 2004: Implementing construction and post-construction runoff management. Stormwater Management Guidance Manual for Local Officials, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation and the New York State Department of State, 31–40. [Available online at http://www.dec.ny.gov/chemical/9007.html].

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • DEC, 2008a: SPDES general permit for stormwater discharges from municipal separate storm sewer systems (MS4s). Permit GP-0-08-002, New York Department of Environmental Conservation, 91 pp. [Available online at www.dec.ny.gov/docs/water_pdf/ms4permit08.pdf].

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • DEC, cited. 2008b: Governor Paterson calls on federal government to assist New York’s municipalities in maintaining the state’s rivers, lakes and streams. Press release, 14 August 2008. [Available online at http://www.dec.ny.gov/press/45931.html].

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • DeGaetano, A. T., 2009: Time-dependent changes in extreme-precipitation return-period amounts in the continental United States. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 48 , 20862099.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Dowlatabadi, H., 1995: Integrated assessment models of climate change: An incomplete overview. Energy Policy, 23 , 289296.

  • Frumhoff, P. C., McCarthy J. J. , Melillo J. M. , Moser S. C. , and Wuebbles D. J. , 2007: Confronting climate change in the U.S. Northeast: Science, impacts, and solutions. Synthesis report of the Northeast Climate Impacts Assessment, 146 pp. [Available online at http://www.northeastclimateimpacts.org/].

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Horner, R. R., Skupien J. J. , Livingston E. H. , and Shaver H. E. , 1994: Fundamentals of urban-runoff management: Technical and institutional issues. Terrene Institute, 302 pp.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Kaspersen, J., 2000: The stormwater utility: Will it work for your community? Stormwater, 1 , 2228.

  • Keen, M., and Mercer D. , 1993: Environmental planning at the local level: The example of local conservation strategies in Victoria, Australia. Environmentalist, 13 , 8395.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Kelly, J., 1994: Unfunded mandates: The view from the states. Public Admin. Rev., 54 , 405408.

  • Lasswell, H. D., 1971: A Pre-View of the Policy Sciences. Elsevier, 173 pp.

  • Lasswell, H. D., Lerner D. , and deSola Poole I. , 1952: The Comparative Study of Symbols: An Introduction. Stanford University Press, 87 pp.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Lowe, A., Foster J. , and Winkelman S. , 2009: Ask the climate question: Adapting to climate change impacts in urban regions. Center for Clean Air Policy, 41 pp. [Available online at http://www.ccap.org/docs/resources/674/Urban_Climate_Adaptation-FINAL_CCAP%206-9-09.pdf].

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Lynch, A. H., and Brunner R. D. , 2007: Context and climate change: An integrated assessment for Barrow, Alaska. Climatic Change, 82 , 93111.

  • Lynch, A. H., Tryhorn L. M. , and Abramson R. , 2008: Working at the boundary: Facilitating interdisciplinarity in climate change adaptation research. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 89 , 169179.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Moore, E., and Koontz T. , 2003: A typology of collaborative watershed groups: Citizen-based, agency-based, and mixed partnerships. Soc. Nat. Resour., 16 , 451460.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Moore, L., 2006: Gap analysis of state and local stormwater regulations. Town of Queensbury, Warren County, NY, 2 pp.

  • Nelson, D. R., Adger W. N. , and Brown K. , 2007: Adaptation to environmental change: Contributions of a resilience framework. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour., 32 , 395419.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Office of the New York State Comptroller, 2006: Outdated municipal structures: Cities, towns and villages—18th-century designations for 21st century communities. Division of Local Government Service and Economic Development, 31 pp.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Pennington, S. R., Kaplowitz D. , and Witter S. G. , 2003: Reexamining best management practices for improving water quality in urban watersheds. J. Amer. Water Resour. Assoc., 39 , 10271041.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Rasmussen, T. H., 2000: State regulatory principals and local bureaucratic agents: The politics of local solid waste management. Amer. Rev. Public Admin., 30 , 292306.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Rayner, S., and Malone E. L. , Eds. 1998: What Have We Learned? Vol. 4, Human Choice and Climate Change, Battelle Press, 208 pp.

  • Smith, J., 2008: Focus on handling LI’s stormwater runoff problem. Newsday, 14 August.

  • Stormwater Coalition of Monroe County, 2008: Executive summary: Phase II SPDES Stormwater Management Program annual report, permit year 2007–2008. 2 pp. [Available online at www.monroecounty.gov/File/Health/Stormwater/ExecSummSWCDrGeneric0708AR.pdf].

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Tryhorn, L. M., and Lynch A. H. , 2010: Climate change adaptation in the Alpine Shire of Australia: A decision process appraisal. Policy Sci., 34 , 105127.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
All Time Past Year Past 30 Days
Abstract Views 0 0 0
Full Text Views 665 269 69
PDF Downloads 325 46 2