Editorial Type:
Article
Article Type:
Research Article

Severe Weather Warning Communication: Factors Impacting Audience Attention and Retention of Information during Tornado Warnings

Robert Drost Geocognition Research Lab, Department of Geological Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan

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Mark Casteel Department of Psychology, Penn State University, York, Pennsylvania

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Julie Libarkin Geocognition Research Lab, Department of Geological Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan

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Stephen Thomas Center for Integrative Studies in General Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan

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Matt Meister Falcon School District 49, Peyton, Colorado

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Print Publication:
01 Oct 2016
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1175/WCAS-D-15-0035.1
Page(s):
361–372
Restricted access

Abstract

Weather hazards in the United States inflict both personal and economic tolls on the public. Communicating warnings about weather hazards is an important duty of TV weathercasters. Televised weather warnings are typically conveyed through live radar, live coverage, and warning scrolls. However, these traditional approaches may not be entirely effective given the limited attention some members of the public pay to these warnings. A study comparing individual responses to a traditional warning, an animated warning, and an audio warning was undertaken to evaluate the impact of delivery methods on viewer attention, retention, and preferences during viewing of severe weather warnings. A Tobii T60 eye tracker was used to document visual interactions with on-screen warnings and surveys were used to collect evidence of warning retention and preference. Demographic variables were also collected to describe the study population. Results indicate that viewers of the animated warning retained more pertinent information about the tornado warning than viewers of the traditional warning, and retention during the traditional warning was equivalent to that of the audio warning. In addition, gaze patterns for the traditional warning were much more diffuse than for the animated warning, suggesting that attention was more focused on the animation than the live video. In addition, modifications to reduce visual complexity of traditional warnings may positively impact viewer attention to individual warning elements. Future studies will consider the effectiveness of a hybrid warning containing both traditional and animated components. The current research study can be used to advance current severe weather warning communication techniques and increase public awareness during severe weather events.

Current affiliation: Southern New Hampshire University, Manchester, New Hampshire.

Corresponding author address: Robert Drost, Geocognition Research Lab, Department of Geological Sciences, 206 Natural Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824. E-mail: drostrob@msu.edu

Abstract

Weather hazards in the United States inflict both personal and economic tolls on the public. Communicating warnings about weather hazards is an important duty of TV weathercasters. Televised weather warnings are typically conveyed through live radar, live coverage, and warning scrolls. However, these traditional approaches may not be entirely effective given the limited attention some members of the public pay to these warnings. A study comparing individual responses to a traditional warning, an animated warning, and an audio warning was undertaken to evaluate the impact of delivery methods on viewer attention, retention, and preferences during viewing of severe weather warnings. A Tobii T60 eye tracker was used to document visual interactions with on-screen warnings and surveys were used to collect evidence of warning retention and preference. Demographic variables were also collected to describe the study population. Results indicate that viewers of the animated warning retained more pertinent information about the tornado warning than viewers of the traditional warning, and retention during the traditional warning was equivalent to that of the audio warning. In addition, gaze patterns for the traditional warning were much more diffuse than for the animated warning, suggesting that attention was more focused on the animation than the live video. In addition, modifications to reduce visual complexity of traditional warnings may positively impact viewer attention to individual warning elements. Future studies will consider the effectiveness of a hybrid warning containing both traditional and animated components. The current research study can be used to advance current severe weather warning communication techniques and increase public awareness during severe weather events.

Current affiliation: Southern New Hampshire University, Manchester, New Hampshire.

Corresponding author address: Robert Drost, Geocognition Research Lab, Department of Geological Sciences, 206 Natural Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824. E-mail: drostrob@msu.edu
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