Search Results

You are looking at 11 - 16 of 16 items for

  • Author or Editor: Robert H. Scott x
  • Refine by Access: All Content x
Clear All Modify Search
Matthew L. Druckenmiller
,
Twila A. Moon
,
Richard L. Thoman
,
Thomas J. Ballinger
,
Logan T. Berner
,
Germar H. Bernhard
,
Uma S. Bhatt
,
Jarle W. Bjerke
,
Jason E. Box
,
R. Brown
,
John Cappelen
,
Hanne H. Christiansen
,
B. Decharme
,
C. Derksen
,
Dmitry Divine
,
D. S. Drozdov
,
A. Elias Chereque
,
Howard E. Epstein
,
L. M. Farquharson
,
Sinead L. Farrell
,
Robert S. Fausto
,
Xavier Fettweis
,
Vitali E. Fioletov
,
Bruce C. Forbes
,
Gerald V. Frost
,
Emily Gargulinski
,
Sebastian Gerland
,
Scott J. Goetz
,
Z. Grabinski
,
Jens-Uwe Grooß
,
Christian Haas
,
Edward Hanna
,
Inger Hanssen-Bauer
,
Stefan Hendricks
,
Robert M. Holmes
,
Iolanda Ialongo
,
K. Isaksen
,
Piyush Jain
,
Bjørn Johnsen
,
L. Kaleschke
,
A. L. Kholodov
,
Seong-Joong Kim
,
Niels J. Korsgaard
,
Zachary Labe
,
Kaisa Lakkala
,
Mark J. Lara
,
Bryant Loomis
,
K. Luojus
,
Matthew J. Macander
,
G. V. Malkova
,
Kenneth D. Mankoff
,
Gloria L. Manney
,
James W. McClelland
,
Walter N. Meier
,
Thomas Mote
,
L. Mudryk
,
Rolf Müller
,
K. E. Nyland
,
James E. Overland
,
T. Park
,
Olga Pavlova
,
Don Perovich
,
Alek Petty
,
Gareth K. Phoenix
,
Martha K. Raynolds
,
C. H. Reijmer
,
Jacqueline Richter-Menge
,
Robert Ricker
,
Vladimir E. Romanovsky
,
Lindsay Scott
,
Hazel Shapiro
,
Alexander I. Shiklomanov
,
Nikolai I. Shiklomanov
,
C. J. P. P. Smeets
,
Sharon L. Smith
,
Amber Soja
,
Robert G. M. Spencer
,
Sandy Starkweather
,
Dimitri A. Streletskiy
,
Anya Suslova
,
Tove Svendby
,
Suzanne E. Tank
,
Marco Tedesco
,
X. Tian-Kunze
,
Mary-Louise Timmermans
,
Hans Tømmervik
,
Mikhail Tretiakov
,
Mark Tschudi
,
Sofia Vakhutinsky
,
Dirk van As
,
R. S. W. van de Wal
,
Sander Veraverbeke
,
Donald A. Walker
,
John E. Walsh
,
Muyin Wang
,
Melinda Webster
,
Øyvind Winton
,
K. Wood
,
Alison York
, and
Robert Ziel
Free access
Randall M. Dole
,
J. Ryan Spackman
,
Matthew Newman
,
Gilbert P. Compo
,
Catherine A. Smith
,
Leslie M. Hartten
,
Joseph J. Barsugli
,
Robert S. Webb
,
Martin P. Hoerling
,
Robert Cifelli
,
Klaus Wolter
,
Christopher D. Barnet
,
Maria Gehne
,
Ronald Gelaro
,
George N. Kiladis
,
Scott Abbott
,
Elena Akish
,
John Albers
,
John M. Brown
,
Christopher J. Cox
,
Lisa Darby
,
Gijs de Boer
,
Barbara DeLuisi
,
Juliana Dias
,
Jason Dunion
,
Jon Eischeid
,
Christopher Fairall
,
Antonia Gambacorta
,
Brian K. Gorton
,
Andrew Hoell
,
Janet Intrieri
,
Darren Jackson
,
Paul E. Johnston
,
Richard Lataitis
,
Kelly M. Mahoney
,
Katherine McCaffrey
,
H. Alex McColl
,
Michael J. Mueller
,
Donald Murray
,
Paul J. Neiman
,
William Otto
,
Ola Persson
,
Xiao-Wei Quan
,
Imtiaz Rangwala
,
Andrea J. Ray
,
David Reynolds
,
Emily Riley Dellaripa
,
Karen Rosenlof
,
Naoko Sakaeda
,
Prashant D. Sardeshmukh
,
Laura C. Slivinski
,
Lesley Smith
,
Amy Solomon
,
Dustin Swales
,
Stefan Tulich
,
Allen White
,
Gary Wick
,
Matthew G. Winterkorn
,
Daniel E. Wolfe
, and
Robert Zamora

Abstract

Forecasts by mid-2015 for a strong El Niño during winter 2015/16 presented an exceptional scientific opportunity to accelerate advances in understanding and predictions of an extreme climate event and its impacts while the event was ongoing. Seizing this opportunity, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) initiated an El Niño Rapid Response (ENRR), conducting the first field campaign to obtain intensive atmospheric observations over the tropical Pacific during El Niño.

The overarching ENRR goal was to determine the atmospheric response to El Niño and the implications for predicting extratropical storms and U.S. West Coast rainfall. The field campaign observations extended from the central tropical Pacific to the West Coast, with a primary focus on the initial tropical atmospheric response that links El Niño to its global impacts. NOAA deployed its Gulfstream-IV (G-IV) aircraft to obtain observations around organized tropical convection and poleward convective outflow near the heart of El Niño. Additional tropical Pacific observations were obtained by radiosondes launched from Kiritimati , Kiribati, and the NOAA ship Ronald H. Brown, and in the eastern North Pacific by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Global Hawk unmanned aerial system. These observations were all transmitted in real time for use in operational prediction models. An X-band radar installed in Santa Clara, California, helped characterize precipitation distributions. This suite supported an end-to-end capability extending from tropical Pacific processes to West Coast impacts. The ENRR observations were used during the event in operational predictions. They now provide an unprecedented dataset for further research to improve understanding and predictions of El Niño and its impacts.

Full access
Maurice Blackmon
,
Byron Boville
,
Frank Bryan
,
Robert Dickinson
,
Peter Gent
,
Jeffrey Kiehl
,
Richard Moritz
,
David Randall
,
Jagadish Shukla
,
Susan Solomon
,
Gordon Bonan
,
Scott Doney
,
Inez Fung
,
James Hack
,
Elizabeth Hunke
,
James Hurrell
,
John Kutzbach
,
Jerry Meehl
,
Bette Otto-Bliesner
,
R. Saravanan
,
Edwin K. Schneider
,
Lisa Sloan
,
Michael Spall
,
Karl Taylor
,
Joseph Tribbia
, and
Warren Washington

The Community Climate System Model (CCSM) has been created to represent the principal components of the climate system and their interactions. Development and applications of the model are carried out by the U.S. climate research community, thus taking advantage of both wide intellectual participation and computing capabilities beyond those available to most individual U.S. institutions. This article outlines the history of the CCSM, its current capabilities, and plans for its future development and applications, with the goal of providing a summary useful to present and future users.

The initial version of the CCSM included atmosphere and ocean general circulation models, a land surface model that was grafted onto the atmosphere model, a sea-ice model, and a “flux coupler” that facilitates information exchanges among the component models with their differing grids. This version of the model produced a successful 300-yr simulation of the current climate without artificial flux adjustments. The model was then used to perform a coupled simulation in which the atmospheric CO2 concentration increased by 1 % per year.

In this version of the coupled model, the ocean salinity and deep-ocean temperature slowly drifted away from observed values. A subsequent correction to the roughness length used for sea ice significantly reduced these errors. An updated version of the CCSM was used to perform three simulations of the twentieth century's climate, and several projections of the climate of the twenty-first century.

The CCSM's simulation of the tropical ocean circulation has been significantly improved by reducing the background vertical diffusivity and incorporating an anisotropic horizontal viscosity tensor. The meridional resolution of the ocean model was also refined near the equator. These changes have resulted in a greatly improved simulation of both the Pacific equatorial undercurrent and the surface countercurrents. The interannual variability of the sea surface temperature in the central and eastern tropical Pacific is also more realistic in simulations with the updated model.

Scientific challenges to be addressed with future versions of the CCSM include realistic simulation of the whole atmosphere, including the middle and upper atmosphere, as well as the troposphere; simulation of changes in the chemical composition of the atmosphere through the incorporation of an integrated chemistry model; inclusion of global, prognostic biogeochemical components for land, ocean, and atmosphere; simulations of past climates, including times of extensive continental glaciation as well as times with little or no ice; studies of natural climate variability on seasonal-to-centennial timescales; and investigations of anthropogenic climate change. In order to make such studies possible, work is under way to improve all components of the model. Plans call for a new version of the CCSM to be released in 2002. Planned studies with the CCSM will require much more computer power than is currently available.

Full access
Richard L. Thoman
,
Matthew L. Druckenmiller
,
Twila A. Moon
,
L. M. Andreassen
,
E. Baker
,
Thomas J. Ballinger
,
Logan T. Berner
,
Germar H. Bernhard
,
Uma S. Bhatt
,
Jarle W. Bjerke
,
L.N. Boisvert
,
Jason E. Box
,
B. Brettschneider
,
D. Burgess
,
Amy H. Butler
,
John Cappelen
,
Hanne H. Christiansen
,
B. Decharme
,
C. Derksen
,
Dmitry Divine
,
D. S. Drozdov
,
Chereque A. Elias
,
Howard E. Epstein
,
Sinead L. Farrell
,
Robert S. Fausto
,
Xavier Fettweis
,
Vitali E. Fioletov
,
Bruce C. Forbes
,
Gerald V. Frost
,
Sebastian Gerland
,
Scott J. Goetz
,
Jens-Uwe Grooß
,
Christian Haas
,
Edward Hanna
,
-Bauer Inger Hanssen
,
M. M. P. D. Heijmans
,
Stefan Hendricks
,
Iolanda Ialongo
,
K. Isaksen
,
C. D. Jensen
,
Bjørn Johnsen
,
L. Kaleschke
,
A. L. Kholodov
,
Seong-Joong Kim
,
J. Kohler
,
Niels J. Korsgaard
,
Zachary Labe
,
Kaisa Lakkala
,
Mark J. Lara
,
Simon H. Lee
,
Bryant Loomis
,
B. Luks
,
K. Luojus
,
Matthew J. Macander
,
R. Í Magnússon
,
G. V. Malkova
,
Kenneth D. Mankoff
,
Gloria L. Manney
,
Walter N. Meier
,
Thomas Mote
,
Lawrence Mudryk
,
Rolf Müller
,
K. E. Nyland
,
James E. Overland
,
F. Pálsson
,
T. Park
,
C. L. Parker
,
Don Perovich
,
Alek Petty
,
Gareth K. Phoenix
,
J. E. Pinzon
,
Robert Ricker
,
Vladimir E. Romanovsky
,
S. P. Serbin
,
G. Sheffield
,
Nikolai I. Shiklomanov
,
Sharon L. Smith
,
K. M. Stafford
,
A. Steer
,
Dimitri A. Streletskiy
,
Tove Svendby
,
Marco Tedesco
,
L. Thomson
,
T. Thorsteinsson
,
X. Tian-Kunze
,
Mary-Louise Timmermans
,
Hans Tømmervik
,
Mark Tschudi
,
C. J. Tucker
,
Donald A. Walker
,
John E. Walsh
,
Muyin Wang
,
Melinda Webster
,
A. Wehrlé
,
Øyvind Winton
,
G. Wolken
,
K. Wood
,
B. Wouters
, and
D. Yang
Free access
J. K. Andersen
,
Liss M. Andreassen
,
Emily H. Baker
,
Thomas J. Ballinger
,
Logan T. Berner
,
Germar H. Bernhard
,
Uma S. Bhatt
,
Jarle W. Bjerke
,
Jason E. Box
,
L. Britt
,
R. Brown
,
David Burgess
,
John Cappelen
,
Hanne H. Christiansen
,
B. Decharme
,
C. Derksen
,
D. S. Drozdov
,
Howard E. Epstein
,
L. M. Farquharson
,
Sinead L. Farrell
,
Robert S. Fausto
,
Xavier Fettweis
,
Vitali E. Fioletov
,
Bruce C. Forbes
,
Gerald V. Frost
,
Sebastian Gerland
,
Scott J. Goetz
,
Jens-Uwe Grooß
,
Edward Hanna
,
Inger Hanssen-Bauer
,
Stefan Hendricks
,
Iolanda Ialongo
,
K. Isaksen
,
Bjørn Johnsen
,
L. Kaleschke
,
A. L. Kholodov
,
Seong-Joong Kim
,
Jack Kohler
,
Zachary Labe
,
Carol Ladd
,
Kaisa Lakkala
,
Mark J. Lara
,
Bryant Loomis
,
Bartłomiej Luks
,
K. Luojus
,
Matthew J. Macander
,
G. V. Malkova
,
Kenneth D. Mankoff
,
Gloria L. Manney
,
J. M. Marsh
,
Walt Meier
,
Twila A. Moon
,
Thomas Mote
,
L. Mudryk
,
F. J. Mueter
,
Rolf Müller
,
K. E. Nyland
,
Shad O’Neel
,
James E. Overland
,
Don Perovich
,
Gareth K. Phoenix
,
Martha K. Raynolds
,
C. H. Reijmer
,
Robert Ricker
,
Vladimir E. Romanovsky
,
E. A. G. Schuur
,
Martin Sharp
,
Nikolai I. Shiklomanov
,
C. J. P. P. Smeets
,
Sharon L. Smith
,
Dimitri A. Streletskiy
,
Marco Tedesco
,
Richard L. Thoman
,
J. T. Thorson
,
X. Tian-Kunze
,
Mary-Louise Timmermans
,
Hans Tømmervik
,
Mark Tschudi
,
Dirk van As
,
R. S. W. van de Wal
,
Donald A. Walker
,
John E. Walsh
,
Muyin Wang
,
Melinda Webster
,
Øyvind Winton
,
Gabriel J. Wolken
,
K. Wood
,
Bert Wouters
, and
S. Zador
Free access
Sharon Stammerjohn
,
Ted A. Scambos
,
Susheel Adusumilli
,
Sandra Barreira
,
Germar H. Bernhard
,
Deniz Bozkurt
,
Seth M. Bushinsky
,
Kyle R. Clem
,
Steve Colwell
,
Lawrence Coy
,
Jos De Laat
,
Marcel D. du Plessis
,
Ryan L. Fogt
,
Annie Foppert
,
Helen Amanda Fricker
,
Alex S. Gardner
,
Sarah T. Gille
,
Tessa Gorte
,
Bryan Johnson
,
Eric Keenan
,
Daemon Kennett
,
Linda M. Keller
,
Natalya A. Kramarova
,
Kaisa Lakkala
,
Matthew A. Lazzara
,
Jan T. M. Lenaerts
,
Jan L. Lieser
,
Zhi Li
,
Hongxing Liu
,
Craig S. Long
,
Michael MacFerrin
,
Michelle L. Maclennan
,
Robert A. Massom
,
David Mikolajczyk
,
Lynn Montgomery
,
Thomas L. Mote
,
Eric R. Nash
,
Paul A. Newman
,
Irina Petropavlovskikh
,
Michael Pitts
,
Phillip Reid
,
Steven R. Rintoul
,
Michelle L. Santee
,
Elizabeth H. Shadwick
,
Alessandro Silvano
,
Scott Stierle
,
Susan Strahan
,
Adrienne J. Sutton
,
Sebastiaan Swart
,
Veronica Tamsitt
,
Bronte Tilbrook
,
Lei Wang
,
Nancy L. Williams
, and
Xiaojun Yuan
Free access